Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes by Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status

Magesh, Shruti; John, Daniel; Li, Wei Tse; Li, Yuxiang; Mattingly-App, Aidan; Jain, Sharad; Chang, Eric Y.; Ongkeko, Weg M.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.34147

Cited by 502 publications

(435 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Patients of Black, Hispanic and South Asian origin also have a higher case fatality rate. Inequitable access to healthcare is at least partly responsible for these ethnic differences ( 10 , 11 ).…”

Section: Patients At Increased Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders as a Model for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Immunocompromised Patients

et al. 2022

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Section: Patients At Increased Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders as a Model for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Immunocompromised Patients

et al. 2022

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“…Nevertheless, on this final point, diagnosis of myocardial injury is based on clinical, EKG, laboratory, and imaging data and coronary angiography is often not required to make this diagnosis. While some authors [ 23 ] have suggested a racial predisposition to adverse outcomes from COVID-19, the present study could not study the effect of race on mortality outcomes due to sample size limitations. Such data was also not available for meta-analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Myocardial injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study, systematic review, and meta-analysis

Changal

Veria

Mack

et al. 2021

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Introduction The majority of studies evaluating the effect of myocardial injury on the survival of COVID-19 patients have been performed outside of the United States (U.S.). These studies have often utilized definitions of myocardial injury that are not guideline-based and thus, not applicable to the U.S. patient population. Methods The current study is a two-part investigation of the effect of myocardial injury on the clinical outcome of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The first part is a retrospective analysis of 268 patients admitted to our healthcare system in Toledo, Ohio, U.S.; the second part is a systematic review and meta-analysis of all similar studies performed within the U.S. Results In our retrospective analysis, patients with myocardial injury were older (mean age 73 vs. 59 years, P 0.001), more likely to have hypertension (86% vs. 67%, P 0.005), underlying cardiovascular disease (57% vs. 24%, P 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (26% vs. 10%, P 0.004). Myocardial injury was also associated with a lower likelihood of discharge to home (35% vs. 69%, P 0.001), and a higher likelihood of death (33% vs. 10%, P 0.001), acute kidney injury (74% vs. 30%, P 0.001), and circulatory shock (33% vs. 12%, P 0.001). Our meta-analysis included 12,577 patients from 8 U.S. states and 55 hospitals who were hospitalized with COVID-19, with the finding that myocardial injury was significantly associated with increased mortality (HR 2.43, CI 2.28–3.6, P 0.0005). The prevalence of myocardial injury ranged from 9.2 to 51%, with a mean prevalence of 27.2%. Conclusion Hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the U.S. have a high prevalence of myocardial injury, which was associated with poorer survival and outcomes.

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“…The use of mAb is a safe and effective treatment for individuals with high-risk conditions for disease progression. Age over 65 (Odd ratio:6.01), Hispanic race (Odds Ratio: 1.35), diabetes mellitus (Odd Ratio: 3.68), coronary artery disease (Odds Ratio: 3.23), and obesity (Odds Ratio: 4.17) have been associated with increased risk of progression to severe illness [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Risk Patient With COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Successfully Treated With Monoclonal Antibodies Through Two Major Surges

Gurjar¹,

Ghazanfar²,

Haider³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Vaccine hesitancy remains a significant challenge in managing the current pandemic despite highly effective vaccines in the United States. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are an essential addition to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment, along with oral antiviral agents (OAA), for non-hospitalized patients having risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19, especially in unvaccinated people. We present a case of a 74-year-old unvaccinated Hispanic woman with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, and asthma who survived two episodes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in January 2021 and December 2021 with exclusive use of mAb. Our case highlights the importance of using mAbs for treating high-risk patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in patients with vaccine hesitancy.

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Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes by Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status

Cited by 502 publications

References 94 publications

Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders as a Model for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Immunocompromised Patients

Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders as a Model for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Immunocompromised Patients

Myocardial injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study, systematic review, and meta-analysis

A High-Risk Patient With COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Successfully Treated With Monoclonal Antibodies Through Two Major Surges

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