Disparities and Menthol Marketing: Additional Evidence in Support of Point of Sale Policies

Moreland-Russell, Sarah; Harris, Jenine K.; Snider, Doneisha; Walsh, Heidi A.; Cyr, Julianne; Barnoya, Joaquín

doi:10.3390/ijerph10104571

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…(32, 39, 41, 44, 46, 47, 49-51, 53, 55-57, 60, 63-67) Of these, 10 scored high on our study characteristics index. (32, 39, 41, 46, 49, 55, 56, 60, 64, 65) Evidence suggested disproportionate POS marketing neighborhoods with more black residents. Evidence of greater menthol marketing is unequivocal and there is evidence of disproportionate presence of little cigar and cigarillos marketing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(31) Indeed, of the 5 papers(54-56, 64, 65) that reported intra-class correlations (ICCs) for measures of marketing, the ICCs ranged from 0.025 for retailers’ number of smokeless tobacco ads in census block groups in a Midwestern U.S. city(64) to 0.36 for the proportion of menthol marketing at retailers in census tracts in St. Louis, MO, U.S.(56) Eight studies addressed this issue by using mixed models, usually multi-level models or generalized estimating equations. (41, 43, 46, 54-56, 62, 73) Another four studies corrected for dependence using robust standard errors. (32, 64, 65, 68) One paper aggregated marketing to the census tract (index value per square mile) and found no significant spatial autocorrelation as indicated by Moran's I and Geary's c .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In St. Louis, Missouri, using mixed models, census tract percent black and the percent of black children were significantly associated with measures of menthol marketing near candy and the proportion of menthol marketing overall. (56) In 91 California school neighborhoods, using mixed models controlling for school neighborhood characteristics, school demographics, store type, and store density, the percent of enrolled black students was associated with lower mentholated Newport cigarette prices and greater volume of menthol marketing. Unadjusted results were not available.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When studies controlled for store type, the identified disparities persisted. (39, 40, 46, 55, 56, 60, 62, 65, 67, 69, 73)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Neighborhood Disparities in Point-of-Sale Tobacco Marketing

et al. 2015

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Objective Tobacco industry documents show systematic targeting by race, ethnicity, and income at the point of sale (POS). We sought to systematically review evidence of disparities in tobacco marketing at tobacco retailers by socio-demographic neighborhood characteristics. Methods We identified 43 relevant papers from 893 results of a systematic search in 10 databases updated on May 28, 2014. We found 148 associations of marketing (price, placement, promotion, or product availability) with a neighborhood demographic of interest (socioeconomic disadvantage, race, ethnicity, and urbanicity). We conducted a narrative review and present results stratified by neighborhood characteristics and types of tobacco product marketing. Results There are disparities in the marketing of tobacco products by neighborhood demographics. Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with more tobacco marketing. Disparities in menthol marketing are starkly present, with targeting toward more urban neighborhoods and neighborhoods with more black residents. Smokeless tobacco products are targeted toward more rural neighborhoods and neighborhoods with more white residents. Differences in store type partially explain these disparities. Conclusion Geodemographic market targeting, a standard marketing practice across industries, represents an issue of social and environmental injustice for youth exposure to tobacco marketing and for smokers whose quit attempts may be stymied by disproportionate marketing in lower-income neighborhoods and neighborhoods with more black residents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When studies controlled for store type, the identified disparities persisted. (39, 40, 46, 55, 56, 60, 62, 65, 67, 69, 73)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Neighborhood Disparities in Point-of-Sale Tobacco Marketing

et al. 2015

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“…Although the USA has been strictly implementing tobacco control, more than half of teenagers perceived that cigarettes would be very easy to buy at the convenient stores (Johnston et al, 2013). Moreover, tobacco companies have aggressively used the retailer outlets to advertise and to market tobacco products to adolescents (Moreland-Russell et al, 2013).…”

Section: Anti-smoking Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What should the Government do to Stop Epidemic of Smoking among Teenagers in Indonesia?

Tandilittin¹

2016

ACH

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Smoking epidemic has occurred among the Indonesian adolescents, as the nearly six out of ten the youth of ages 13 to 15 years smoke daily. In fact, Indonesia has also been known as "the country of smoking baby", as some family smokers have deliberately introduced the way of smoking to their toddlers. In Indonesia, the most new smokers has been ensnared by the tobacco industry, as they started to smoke when they were minors, which are in incapable condition to make rational decisions. In this context, moral question emerge: Is the government obligated to prevent teenagers from taking-up cigarettes, and what should the government do to stop the smoking epidemic among the adolescents in Indonesia? To answer these questions, this paper contain two main study: First, the author has conduct a survey to present an overview about the ensnarement of new smokers and the dilemma of the tobacco retailers in selling cigarettes to minors in Indonesia. Second, the author presents an overview of the negative impacts of tobacco on children and an obligation analysis of the government to prevent adolescents from taking-up cigarettes. It will then propose some approach to stop smoking epidemic among the adolescents in Indonesia.

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Combustible and Electronic Tobacco and Marijuana Products in Hip-Hop Music Videos, 2013-2017

2018

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IMPORTANCE Hip-hop is the leading music genre in the United States and its fan base includes a large proportion of adolescents and young adults of all racial and ethnic groups, particularly minorities. The appearance of combustible and electronic tobacco and marijuana products, especially brand placement and use by popular and influential artists, may increase the risk of tobacco and marijuana use and decrease perceptions of harm. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of the appearance and use of combustible and electronic tobacco and marijuana products, including brand placement, in leading hip-hop songs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Analysis of top 50 songs from 2013 to 2017 of Billboard magazine's weekly Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs with videos that included the appearance or use of combustible tobacco and marijuana products (manufactured cigarettes, cigars, hookah or waterpipe, pipe, hand-rolled tobacco and marijuana products, marijuana buds); appearance of exhaled smoke or vapor without an identifiable source product; appearance or use of electronic tobacco and marijuana products (eg, electronic cigarettes); tobacco or marijuana brand placement; appearance or use of combustible and electronic tobacco and marijuana by main or featured artist. Data were collected from December 6, 2017, to June 4, 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence of (1) appearance or use of combustible tobacco and marijuana products, (2) appearance of smoke or vapor, (3) appearance or use of electronic tobacco and marijuana products, (4) tobacco or marijuana brand placement, and (5) appearance or use of combustible and electronic tobacco and marijuana by main or featured artist. Probability of appearance or use of combustible and electronic tobacco and marijuana products by quartile of viewership of videos. RESULTS The proportion of leading hip-hop videos containing combustible use, electronic use, or smoke or vapor ranged from 40.2% (76 of 189) in 2015, to 50.7% (102 of 201) in 2016. For each year, the leading category of combustible use was hand-rolled products. The appearance of branded products increased from 0% in 2013 (0 of 82) to 9.9% in 2017 (10 of 101) for combustible products, and from 25.0% in 2013 (3 of 12) to 87.5% in 2017 (14 of 16) for electronic products. The prevalence of combustible or electronic product use or exhaled smoke or vapor increased by quartile of total number of views: 41.9% (8700 to 19 million views) among songs in the first quartile of viewership and 49.7% among songs in the fourth quartile of viewership (112 million to 4 billion views). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Combustible and electronic tobacco and marijuana use frequently occurred in popular hip-hop music videos. The genre's broad appeal, use of branded products by influential artists, and rise of electronic product and marijuana use may contribute to a growing public health concern of tobacco and marijuana use.

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Disparities and Menthol Marketing: Additional Evidence in Support of Point of Sale Policies

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

A Systematic Review of Neighborhood Disparities in Point-of-Sale Tobacco Marketing

A Systematic Review of Neighborhood Disparities in Point-of-Sale Tobacco Marketing

What should the Government do to Stop Epidemic of Smoking among Teenagers in Indonesia?

Combustible and Electronic Tobacco and Marijuana Products in Hip-Hop Music Videos, 2013-2017

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