Disparate regulation of IMD signaling drives sex differences in infection pathology in
            <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Vincent, Crystal M.; Dionne, Marc S.

doi:10.1073/pnas.2026554118

Cited by 30 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In line with this, several of the treatments employed in this study, e.g., L. monocytogenes or E. coli infections and genetic activation of the Toll pathway in the fat body, have been shown to interfere with the insulin signalling pathway and subsequently decrease nutrient storage or growth [45,67,68]. Moreover, infections with L. monocytogenes and E. coli, as well as numerous pathogens, cause systemic changes in metabolic signalling [32,45,68,69]. Yet, despite the marked metabolic switch triggered during systemic infections, male and female flies retain their pre-copulatory behaviours.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Activation of immune responses by exposure to pathogens limits resource utilisation towards other important biological processes. In line with this, several of the treatments employed in this study, e.g., L. monocytogenes or E. coli infections and genetic activation of the Toll pathway in the fat body, have been shown to interfere with the insulin signalling pathway and subsequently decrease nutrient storage or growth [45,67,68]. Moreover, infections with L. monocytogenes and E. coli, as well as numerous pathogens, cause systemic changes in metabolic signalling [32,45,68,69].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…To reliably produce infection phenotypes and assess the consequences in behaviour, we used a nano-injector to deliver precise volumes of bacterial solution into the abdomen of flies [42]. As a starting point, we chose three different non-pathogenic bacteria: ECC15, E. coli and M. luteus, which activate the fly's innate immune system without affecting lifespan [43][44][45]. Gram-negative bacteria ECC15 and E. coli induce the Imd pathway, while the gram-positive bacterium M. luteus activates the Toll pathway.…”

Section: Non-pathogenic Infections Do Not Affect Courtship Behaviour Of Wild-type Malesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As expected, CS males infected with either ECC15, E. coli or M. luteus showed a survival rate similar to that of uninfected and sham-infected flies (injected with PBS solution) (Fig S1A-C). Given that flies rapidly clear non-pathogenic bacteria from their bodies [40,45,46], we carried out our behavioural experiments 5-6 hours post-infection, when the bacterial load is still detectable.…”

Section: Non-pathogenic Infections Do Not Affect Courtship Behaviour Of Wild-type Malesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-copulatory reproductive behaviours are preserved in Drosophila melanogaster infected with bacteria

Rose

Beckwith

Burmester

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Reproduction and immunity are crucial traits that determine an animal's fitness. Terminal investment hypothesis predicts that reproductive investment should increase in the face of a mortality risk caused by infection. However, due to competitive allocation of energetic resources, individuals fighting infections are expected to decrease reproductive efforts. While there is evidence for both hypotheses, the factors that determine the choice between these strategies are poorly understood. Here, we assess the impact of bacterial infection on pre-copulatory behaviours in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We found that male flies infected with six different bacteria, including pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains, show no significant differences in courtship intensity and mating success. Similarly, bacterial infections did not affect sexual receptivity in female flies. Our data suggest that pre-copulatory reproductive behaviours remain preserved in infected animals, despite the huge metabolic cost of infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Non-pathogenic Infections Do Not Affect Courtship Behaviour Of Wild-type Malesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non-pathogenic Infections Do Not Affect Courtship Behaviour Of Wild-type Malesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pre-copulatory reproductive behaviours are preserved in Drosophila melanogaster infected with bacteria

Rose

Beckwith

Burmester

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…For example, female flies lacking the negative epigenetic regulator G9a, were found to be more tolerant than males during viral infections (Gupta and Vale 2017). Similar examples also exist from other innate immune pathways where, disrupting the negative regulator of IMD, PGRP-LB (peptidoglycan receptor-LB), affected survival to a greater extent in females following E. coli infection, suggesting the sex-specific role of some of these regulators (Vincent and Dionne 2021). The combination of these observations might explain why flies lacking Socs36E showed sex differences in disease tolerance, particularly in light of the crosstalk between Jak/Stat and IMD pathways (Kemp et al 2013;Bang 2019;Dostert et al 2005).…”

Section: During Systemic Bacterial Infection Loss Of Jak-stat Signalling Leads To Sex Differences In Disease Tolerance Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 74%

DuoxandJak/Statsignalling influence disease tolerance in Drosophila duringPseudomonas entomophilainfection

Prakash

Bonnet

Monteith³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Disease tolerance describes a hosts ability to maintain health independently of the ability to clear microbe loads. However, we currently know little about the mechanisms that underlie disease tolerance or how known mechanisms of tissue damage signalling and repair may contribute to variation in tolerance. The Jak/Stat pathway plays a pivotal role in Drosophila humoral innate immunity, signalling tissue damage and triggering cellular renewal, making it a potential mechanism underlying the disease tolerance phenotype. Here, we show that disrupting the Jak/Stat pathway in Drosophila melanogaster alters disease tolerance during Pseudomonas entomophila systemic infection. Overall, flies with disrupted Jak/Stat show variation in survival that is not explained by variation in pathogen loads. For instance, mutations disrupting the function of ROS producing dual oxidase (duox) or the negative regulator of Jak/Stat, Socs36E render males less tolerant to systemic bacterial infection but not females. We also investigated whether the negative regulator of Jak/Stat, G9a which has previously been associated with tolerance of viral infections is also implicated in tolerance of bacterial infection. While female flies lacking G9a showed higher mortality and reduced bacterial clearance, disease tolerance did not differ between G9a mutants and the wildtype. This suggests that G9a does not affect tolerance during systemic bacterial infection as it appears to do with viral infection. Overall, our findings highlight that Jak/Stat signalling mediates disease tolerance during systemic bacterial infection and that this response differs between males and females. Our work therefore suggests that differences in Jak/Stat mediated disease tolerance may be a potential source of sexually dimorphic response to infection in Drosophila.

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Female-limited X chromosome evolution reveals that lifespan is mainly modulated by interlocus rather than intralocus sexual conflict

Lund-Hansen

Kutzer

Armitage

et al. 2022

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Sexual dimorphism in somatic investment may be shaped by two distinct forms of sexual conflict; under intralocus sexual conflict (IASC), males and females have different optimal levels of somatic investment but are constrained from reaching their respective optima by their shared genome, while under interlocus sexual conflict (IRSC), males and females have different optimal sexual strategies, which could have direct or indirect effects on levels of somatic investment. We investigated effects of IASC and IRSC on two aspects of somatic investment, immune defence strategies and longevity, using previously established female-limited experimental evolution lines in Drosophila melanogaster. We found little evidence for any effect of either type of sexual conflict on investment in the immune defence resistance or tolerance. Nor did we find convincing evidence that longevity is subject to IASC in this species. However, we did find evidence that increased female control over mating rate had important and opposite effects on longevity between the sexes. Specifically, females that had adapted to high levels of female control over mating had a longer lifespan when kept in mixed-sex groups, while males had shorter longevity, perhaps due to increased investment in post-copulatory sexual selection. These novel results show that female control over mating rates may have important and unexpected effects on patterns of somatic investment. Significance statement Sexual conflict occurs between the two sexes over numerous life history traits, and it is complex to disentangle how these traits interact and affect each other. Here we use a long-term evolution experiment to investigate sexual dimorphism in somatic maintenance. We found no effect of feminising the X chromosome on female immune defence. However, we did find that increased female control over mating rate resulted in longer female lifespan, but reduced male lifespan, and that these effects were dependent on social context (isolated or in mixed-sex groups). Unlike previous studies on the effect of sexual conflict on longevity, our experiment did not manipulate environmental conditions nor the adult sex ratio, which is likely to reduce both pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection.

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Disparate regulation of IMD signaling drives sex differences in infection pathology in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 30 publications

References 61 publications

Pre-copulatory reproductive behaviours are preserved in Drosophila melanogaster infected with bacteria

Pre-copulatory reproductive behaviours are preserved in Drosophila melanogaster infected with bacteria

DuoxandJak/Statsignalling influence disease tolerance in Drosophila duringPseudomonas entomophilainfection

Female-limited X chromosome evolution reveals that lifespan is mainly modulated by interlocus rather than intralocus sexual conflict

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