Disparate effects of training on brain activation in Parkinson disease

Maidan, Inbal; Rosenberg‐Katz, Keren; Jacob, Yael; Giladi, Nir; Hausdorff, Jeffrey M.; Mirelman, Anat

doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000004576

Cited by 68 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Only participants with PD were included in the review, and reported designs were therefore reassessed without including healthy controls and subsequently revised accordingly. In the study conducted by Maidan et al, it was decided that the control group would be considered the intervention group in this review, as we were interested in the physical exercise as opposed to the virtual reality (VR) component [19]. (2) Outcome measures used; (3) information on exercise type and intensity according to duration (number of weeks), frequency (sessions per week), and length of exercise (minutes per session); (4) sample characteristics regarding size, age, and Hoehn and Yahr stage; and (5) values (p values, confidence intervals, and effect sizes) and/or descriptives on posttraining result regarding neuroplasticity as well as other outcomes.…”

Section: Critical Appraisal Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven different methods were used to measure neuroplasticity, and these were further operationalized into three domains: neurochemical (level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in blood or serum (three studies) [28,31,33] and BDNF-TrkB signaling (one study)) [27], brain function (functional MRI (fMRI) (four studies) [19,32,34,35], electroencephalogram (EEG) (one study) [29], positron emission tomography (PET) (two studies) [26,36], transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (one study)) [25], and brain structure (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (one study)) [34]. Assessment details are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Outcome Measures Of Neuroplasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brain Function. Change in brain function from pre-to post-training was measured in eight studies [19,25,26,29,30,32,35,36], including a total of 132 participants. Given the heterogenic nature of measurement methods, no metaanalysis could be performed within this domain.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Batson et al, [35] (1) Case study, (2) outpatient, (3) recruited from previous intervention group, Maidan et al, [19] (1) Randomized controlled trial, (2) outpatient, (3) convenience sample from another project, revealed an increase of 34% (p = 0:03).…”

Section: Updrs Totalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity in Parkinson’s Disease: A Metasynthesis of the Literature

et al. 2020

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which there is currently only symptomatic treatment. During the last decade, there has been an increased interest in investigating physical exercise as a neuroprotective mechanism in PD. Animal studies have suggested that exercise may in fact induce neuroplastic changes, but evidence in humans is still scarce. A handful of reviews have previously reported on exercise-induced neuroplasticity in humans with PD, but few have been systematic, or have mixed studies on both animals and humans, or focused on one neuroplastic outcome only. Here, we provide a systematic review and metasynthesis of the published studies on humans in this research field where we have also included different methods of evaluating neuroplasticity. Our results indicate that various forms of physical exercise may lead to changes in various markers of neuroplasticity. A narrative synthesis suggests that brain function and structure can be altered in a positive direction after an exercise period, whereas a meta-analysis on neurochemical adaptations after exercise points in disparate directions. Finally, a GRADE analysis showed that the current overall level of evidence for exercise-induced neuroplasticity in people with PD is very low. Our results demonstrate that even though the results in this area point in a positive direction, researchers need to provide studies of higher quality using more rigorous methodology.

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Section: Critical Appraisal Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outcome Measures Of Neuroplasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Updrs Totalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity in Parkinson’s Disease: A Metasynthesis of the Literature

et al. 2020

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“…An obvious follow-on question is whether imagination of future events can be trained and whether such training facilitates waiting longer. Research in elderly participants [63] and in the motor domain [64] suggests that such interventions can result at least in changed imagery and brain responses.…”

Section: Waiting Longermentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivation for the greater good: neural mechanisms of overcoming costs

Soutschek

Tobler

2018

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

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To obtain greater goods decision makers often have to incur and endure costs. Here we review mechanisms that enhance the willingness to accept and overcome costs in individual and social settings. General, cost-invariant mechanisms involve controlling and reducing reward-related impulsivity, abstracting from personal and situational circumstances, changing the availability of options in the choice set, and reinterpreting aspects of the choice alternatives. These mechanisms are based on fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal networks for valuation and goal-setting. More specific, cost-variant mechanisms include effort endurance, imagining future events, tolerating risk, and empathy. These mechanisms rely on cost-specific brain mechanisms, as well as interactions with the valuation network in accordance with cost-variant changes in the valuation of the costly choice alternatives. We identify knowledge gaps, which are exacerbated by studies typically focusing only on one cost type. Moreover, many of the identified mechanisms of enduring costs provide largely untrodden paths for interventions to increase cost endurance in clinical and non-clinical domains.

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