Disparate effects of plant genotypic diversity on foliage and litter arthropod communities

Crutsinger, Gregory M.; Reynolds, W. Nicholas; Classen, Aimée T.; Sanders, Nathan J.

doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1130-y

Cited by 57 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Our analyses revealed that genetically diverse colonies had more diverse active microbiotas at the species level than genetically uniform colonies. This finding echoes the observation from ecological studies that genetic diversity within host populations begets diversity in other parts of the community that those populations support [104]–[106] including microbial communities [107]. Having a variety of host genotypes in the same colony, each of which may be associated with a different microbiota, is one means by which gut diversity could be increased in a colony with a polyandrous queen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Characterization of the Active Microbiotas Associated with Honey Bees Reveals Healthier and Broader Communities when Colonies are Genetically Diverse

et al. 2012

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Recent losses of honey bee colonies have led to increased interest in the microbial communities that are associated with these important pollinators. A critical function that bacteria perform for their honey bee hosts, but one that is poorly understood, is the transformation of worker-collected pollen into bee bread, a nutritious food product that can be stored for long periods in colonies. We used 16S rRNA pyrosequencing to comprehensively characterize in genetically diverse and genetically uniform colonies the active bacterial communities that are found on honey bees, in their digestive tracts, and in bee bread. This method provided insights that have not been revealed by past studies into the content and benefits of honey bee-associated microbial communities. Colony microbiotas differed substantially between sampling environments and were dominated by several anaerobic bacterial genera never before associated with honey bees, but renowned for their use by humans to ferment food. Colonies with genetically diverse populations of workers, a result of the highly promiscuous mating behavior of queens, benefited from greater microbial diversity, reduced pathogen loads, and increased abundance of putatively helpful bacteria, particularly species from the potentially probiotic genus Bifidobacterium . Across all colonies, Bifidobacterium activity was negatively correlated with the activity of genera that include pathogenic microbes; this relationship suggests a possible target for understanding whether microbes provide protective benefits to honey bees. Within-colony diversity shapes microbiotas associated with honey bees in ways that may have important repercussions for colony function and health. Our findings illuminate the importance of honey bee-bacteria symbioses and examine their intersection with nutrition, pathogen load, and genetic diversity, factors that are considered key to understanding honey bee decline.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Characterization of the Active Microbiotas Associated with Honey Bees Reveals Healthier and Broader Communities when Colonies are Genetically Diverse

et al. 2012

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“…Diverse patches can have greater abundance and/or richness of arthropods because of the increased probability of including multiple genotypes with distinct communities [11,12]. Alternatively, the effects of genotypes can be non-additive as the result of interactions among plant genotypes, producing higher or lower abundance or diversities of insects than would be predicted by simply adding the effects of individual plant genotypes [4,5,9,10]. Several mechanisms have been proposed by which plant genotypes may interact to produce nonadditive effects on herbivore populations, but few studies have tested the existence of these mechanisms [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant genotypic diversity increases population size of a herbivorous insect

et al. 2011

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It is critical to incorporate the process of population dynamics into community genetics studies to identify the mechanisms of the linkage between host plant genetics and associated communities. We studied the effects of plant genotypic diversity of tall goldenrod Solidago altissima on the population dynamics of the aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum. We found genotypic variation in plant resistance to the aphid in our experiments. To determine the impact of plant genotypic diversity on aphid population dynamics, we compared aphid densities under conditions of three treatments: single-genotype plots, mixed-genotype plots and mixed-genotype-with-cages plots. In the latter treatment plants were individually caged to prevent natural enemy attack and aphid movement among plants. The synergistic effects of genotypes on population size were demonstrated by the greater aphid population size in the mixed-genotype treatment than expected from additive effects alone. Two non-exclusive hypotheses are proposed to explain this pattern. First, there is a source-sink relationship among plant genotypes: aphids move from plant genotypes where their reproduction is high to genotypes where their reproduction is low. Second, natural enemy mortality is reduced in mixed plots in a matrix of diverse plant genotypes.

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“…The epicuticular lipids can vary; for example, those of field-grown plants can be very different from those of plants grown in growth chambers or greenhouses (Woodhead 1981;Yang et al 1994). Furthermore, how waxes influence arthropods depends on variations among plant genotypes within a species (including crop species) (Eigenbrode and Espelie 1995;Bottrell et al 1998;Johnson et al 2006;Crutsinger et al 2008).…”

Section: Waxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional characteristics of secondary plants for increased pest management

Bresch¹,

Poncet²,

Desneux³

2012

International Journal of Pest Management

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Secondary plants may be added to a cropping system for the purpose of improving pest control. In a recent article (Parolin P, Bresch C, Brun R, Bout A, Boll R, Desneux N, Poncet C (2012) Secondary plants used in biological control: a review, International Journal of Pest Management 58, 91-100) we defined different categories of secondary plants used to enhance biological control: companion, repellent, barrier, indicator, trap, insectary, and banker plants are intentionally added to agricultural systems in order to improve pest management through either top-down or bottom-up processes. In the present paper, we focus on the functional characteristics of secondary plants and on the mechanisms which contribute to reducing the presence of pests. If we understand and integrate the effects that such plants have on pests and beneficial arthropods, together with the multitrophic interactions in which these organisms are involved, the application of pesticides in crop systems can be reduced and enhanced productivity in agroecosystems achieved. Here, we identify the main characteristics of, and the prerequisites for, plants which can enhance crop protection in agro-ecosystems.

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Disparate effects of plant genotypic diversity on foliage and litter arthropod communities

Cited by 57 publications

References 57 publications

Characterization of the Active Microbiotas Associated with Honey Bees Reveals Healthier and Broader Communities when Colonies are Genetically Diverse

Characterization of the Active Microbiotas Associated with Honey Bees Reveals Healthier and Broader Communities when Colonies are Genetically Diverse

Plant genotypic diversity increases population size of a herbivorous insect

Functional characteristics of secondary plants for increased pest management

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