Disparate amoebae

Gonzalez-Ruiz, Armando; Wright, Stephen

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)77735-7

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct sequencing of various genes amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has revealed 2.2% to 17% differences in the nucleotide sequences of E. histolytica and E. dispar. 6 These findings show that PCR and restriction enzyme digestion could be used as a powerful tool for distinguishing E. histolytica from E. dispar.In Iran, there are no accurate data on E. dispar. This study was carried out to determine the ratio of E. histolytica and E. dispar in a population in Tehran and Karaj in central Iran.…”

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confidence: 85%

Distribution and Differential Diagnosis ofEntamoeba HistolyticafromEntamoeba Disparby the PCR-RFLP Method in Central Iran

2003

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Background: Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar are two morphologically indistinguishable human protozoan parasites that are genetically distinct species. The potential invasive pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica and non-invasive parasite Entamoeba dispar can be differentiated by molecular and other methods. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the ratio of the two species in a population in Tehran and Karaj in central Iran. Materials and Methods:Human stool samples (n=12 148) were randomly collected in Tehran and Karaj and examined for E. histolytica/E. dispar cysts with direct and formalin-ether methods. Eighty-seven (0.7%) cases were positive, of which 49 (62.8%) isolates were successfully cultured in Robinson's medium. A pair of oligonucleotide primers designed from sequence data for genomic DNA coding the 30-KD surface antigen of E. histolytica/E. dispar was used to amplify a 374 base-pair (bp) fragment. The electrophoretic pattern of the PCR product digested with Hinfl restriction enzyme was used for differentiation of the two species. Results: The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern obtained from a standard E. histolytica isolate had two fragments (219 bp and 155 bp), but the standard isolate of E. dispar showed three fragments (155,152 and 67 bp Entamoeba histolytica is a cosmopolitan human protozoan parasite responsible for amoebic colitis and extraintestinal amoebiasis. Although 90% of infected individuals are asymptomatic, WHO estimates that every year more than 40 to 50 million cases of invasive amoebiasis occur in the world, resulting in up to 100 000 deaths. 1,2After malaria, amoebiasis is the second most fatal human protozoan parasitic diseases in the world. Many people infected with E. histolytica are asymptomatic and never develop clinical symptoms.3 What was earlier known as E. histolytica actually comprises two genetically distinct but morphologically identical species, one potentially pathogenic and the other non-pathogenic. 4 On the basis of biochemical, immunological and genetic data, a formal re-description of E. histolytica was published in 1993, separating E. histolytica (potential pathogenic) from the harmless commensal, E. dispar.5 Diagnosis and differentiation of the two species is important in therapy and also from an epidemiological point of view. Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct sequencing of various genes amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has revealed 2.2% to 17% differences in the nucleotide sequences of E. histolytica and E. dispar. 6 These findings show that PCR and restriction enzyme digestion could be used as a powerful tool for distinguishing E. histolytica from E. dispar.In Iran, there are no accurate data on E. dispar. This study was carried out to determine the ratio of E. histolytica and E. dispar in a population in Tehran and Karaj in central Iran. Distribution and Differential Diagnosis of Entamoeba Histolytica from Entamoeba Dispar by the PCR-RFLP Method in Central Iran Annals of...

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Distribution and Differential Diagnosis ofEntamoeba HistolyticafromEntamoeba Disparby the PCR-RFLP Method in Central Iran

2003

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“…For this reason, when amebic cysts were encountered, they were reported as Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar or simply as amebiasis. 32 A total of 275 patients were included in the study, all with intestinal parasitoses detected by the aforementioned tests. Each patient underwent a complete physical examination.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitazoxanide compared with quinfamide and mebendazole in the treatment of helminthic infections and intestinal protozoa in children.

Davila-Gutierrez¹,

Vásquez²,

Hernández³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of nitazoxanide compared with that of quinfamide, mebendazole, or both in the treatment of intestinal protozoa and helminthic infections. A total of 677 stool specimens from children aged 2-12 years living in 3 communities of Colima, Mé xico, were analyzed in order to detect the presence of cysts, trophozoites, eggs, or larvae of intestinal protozoa or helminths.

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“…and genetic differences between E. histolytica and Entamoeba dispar, which were previously known as pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of E. histolytica, respectively, have resulted in their redescription as two separate species (8,14). As the potentially invasive E. histolytica is morphologically indistinguishable from the noninvasive E. dispar, microscopy alone cannot provide a definite answer about the presence of E. histolytica cysts and/or throphozoits, and additional methods such as antigen detection or PCR have to be employed.…”

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Simultaneous Detection of Entamoeba histolytica , Giardia lamblia , and Cryptosporidium parvum in Fecal Samples by Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR

et al. 2004

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Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium are three of the most important diarrhea-causing parasitic protozoa. For many years, microscopic examination of stool samples has been considered to be the "gold standard" for diagnosis of E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and C. parvum infections. Recently, more specific and sensitive alternative methods (PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and direct fluorescent-antibody assay) have been introduced for all three of these parasitic infections. However, the incorporation in a routine diagnostic laboratory of these parasite-specific methods for diagnosis of each of the respective infections is time-consuming and increases the costs of a stool examination. Therefore, a multiplex real-time PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and C. parvum in stool samples. The multiplex PCR also included an internal control to determine efficiency of the PCR and detect inhibition in the sample. The assay was performed on species-specific DNA controls and a range of well-defined stool samples, and it achieved 100 percent specificity and sensitivity. The use of this assay in a diagnostic laboratory would provide sensitive and specific diagnosis of the main parasitic diarrheal infections and could improve patient management and infection control.

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Disparate amoebae

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Distribution and Differential Diagnosis ofEntamoeba HistolyticafromEntamoeba Disparby the PCR-RFLP Method in Central Iran

Distribution and Differential Diagnosis ofEntamoeba HistolyticafromEntamoeba Disparby the PCR-RFLP Method in Central Iran

Nitazoxanide compared with quinfamide and mebendazole in the treatment of helminthic infections and intestinal protozoa in children.

Simultaneous Detection of Entamoeba histolytica , Giardia lamblia , and Cryptosporidium parvum in Fecal Samples by Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR

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