Disorganized reasoning in Holocaust survivors.

Sagi, Abraham; IJzendoorn, M.H. van; Joels, Tirtsa; Scharf, Miri

doi:10.1037/0002-9432.72.2.194

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(38 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Mazor et al (1990) proposed that the use of defensive mechanisms, such as denial and repression, enabled Holocaust survivors to focus on active adaptation when rebuilding their lives, establishing new homes, and raising new families. Similarly, Sagi et al (2002) suggested that the preference of some survivors to dismiss attachment-related issues may serve as a defensive strategy to protect themselves against potentially present and future dissatisfaction and distress in close relationships. Alternatively, resilience of survivors in the domains of physical health and cognitive functioning might be considered a prerequisite for successful adaptation to family life and work, despite their elevated symptoms of posttraumatic stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other findings showed that many survivors also experienced a state of unresolved mourning. The loss of loved ones generated intense feelings of sadness, helplessness, and rage, alongside feelings of survival guilt (Kapeliuk, 1995;Sagi, Van IJzendoorn, Joels, & Scharf, 2002;. Studies examining the frequency of PTSD and other psychiatric symptoms in Holocaust survivors showed that survivors had more symptoms than did comparison groups (Breslau, 2002;M.…”

Section: Maladaptive Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Surviving the Holocaust: A meta-analysis of the long-term sequelae of a genocide.

Barel¹,

IJzendoorn²,

Sagi‐Schwartz³

et al. 2010

Psychological Bulletin

Self Cite

181

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current set of meta-analyses elucidates the long-term psychiatric, psychosocial, and physical consequences of the Holocaust for survivors. In 71 samples with 12,746 participants Holocaust survivors were compared with their counterparts (with no Holocaust background) on physical health, psychological wellbeing, posttraumatic stress symptoms, psychopathological symptomatology, cognitive functioning, and stressrelated physiology. Holocaust survivors were less well adjusted, as apparent from studies on nonselected samples (trimmed combined effect size d ϭ 0.22, 95% CI [0.13, 0.31], N ϭ 9,803) and from studies on selected samples (d ϭ 0.45, 95% CI [0.32, 0.59], N ϭ 2,943). In particular, they showed substantially more posttraumatic stress symptoms (nonselect studies: d ϭ 0.72, 95% CI [0.46, 0.98], N ϭ 1,763). They did not lag, however, much behind their comparisons in several other domains of functioning (i.e., physical health, stress-related physical measures, and cognitive functioning) and showed remarkable resilience. The coexistence of stress-related symptoms and good adaptation in some other areas of functioning may be explained by the unique characteristics of the symptoms of Holocaust survivors, who combine resilience with the use of defensive mechanisms. In most domains of functioning no differences were found between Israeli samples and samples from other countries. The exception was psychological well-being: For this domain it was found that living in Israel rather than elsewhere can serve as a protective factor. A biopsychological stress-diathesis model is used to interpret the findings, and future directions for research and social policy are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Maladaptive Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surviving the Holocaust: A meta-analysis of the long-term sequelae of a genocide.

Barel¹,

IJzendoorn²,

Sagi‐Schwartz³

et al. 2010

Psychological Bulletin

Self Cite

181

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In line with the study's goals we only used the Unresolved State of Mind score (USM) and it was computed using the guidelines provide by Main et al (1993). The BLAAQ-U has been validated on a sample of Holocaust survivors in which survivors of the Holocaust were rated higher on the USM scale and endorsed more Unusual Beliefs than a comparison group (Sagi, van IJzendoorn, Joels, & Scharf, 2002).…”

Section: Assessments Of Maternal Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping children's internal working models through mother–child dialogues: the importance of resolving past maternal trauma

Koren‐Karie

Oppenheim

Getzler-Yosef

2008

Attachment & Human Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study examined how mothers who were sexually abused as children guide conversations about emotional events with their children. We hypothesized that compared to mothers who were less resolved regarding their traumatic past, those who were more resolved would better guide such conversations. The dialogues of 33 mothers and their children were assessed using the Autobiographical Emotional Events Dialogue procedure (AEED; Koren-Karie, Oppenheim, Haimovich, & Etzion-Carasso, 2000) which yields three composite scores: Mothers' Sensitive Guidance, Child Cooperation and Exploration, and Coherent Narrative. Level of resolution of the trauma was assessed using the BLAAQ-U (Main, van IJzendoorn, & Hesse, 1993). Other measures pertaining to the abuse and to maternal psychopathology were also obtained. As hypothesized, mothers who were more resolved showed more sensitive guidance, their children were more cooperative, and their narratives were more coherent. Measures of the abuse and of maternal psychopathology were not associated with mother-child conversations.

show abstract

“…Later-life influences of the Holocaust on child survivors of all ages have been extensively studied in Israel and abroad (see Dasberg, 2001, for a review). The psychological functioning of child survivors, in comparison with that of matched peers who had not experienced the Holocaust, has recently been the focus of a number of studies (Amir & Lev-Wiesel, 2003;Brom, Durst, & Aghassy, 2002;Cohen, Brom, & Dasberg, 2001;Cohen, Dekel, & Solomon, 2002;Sagi, Van IJzendoorn, Joels, & Scharf, 2002;SagiSchwartz, Van IJzendoorn, Grossmann, Joels, Grossmann, et al, 2003). Results consistently show that child Holocaust survivors suffer significantly more from posttraumatic stress disorders than their non-Holocaust-exposed peers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Sense of coherence moderates late effects of early childhood Holocaust exposure

Raalte¹,

IJzendoorn

Bakermans‐Kranenburg

2008

J Clin Psychol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study evaluated child Holocaust survivors with an emphasis on potential protective factors facilitating participants' adaptation to post-Holocaust life. We examined Antonovsky's (1979, 1987) salutogenic paradigm, testing the mediating and moderating effect of participants' sense of coherence (SOC) on the association between early childhood deprivation due to Holocaust persecution and posttraumatic stress later in life. The nonclinical sample, composed of 203 child Holocaust survivors born between 1935 and 1944 completed questionnaires on Holocaust survival exposure, inventories on current health, posttraumatic stress, and SOC. The results indicated that SOC moderates the association between traumatic experiences during the war and posttraumatic stress, and SOC acts as a protective factor, buffering the impact of traumatic Holocaust experiences on child survivors in old age. Survivors with a less coherent perspective on the meaning of their life showed greater vulnerability for posttraumatic complaints. The moderating role of the SOC may suggest promising avenues of therapeutic interventions for child Holocaust survivors and other adults with early childhood trauma.

show abstract

Disorganized reasoning in Holocaust survivors.

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Surviving the Holocaust: A meta-analysis of the long-term sequelae of a genocide.

Surviving the Holocaust: A meta-analysis of the long-term sequelae of a genocide.

Shaping children's internal working models through mother–child dialogues: the importance of resolving past maternal trauma

Sense of coherence moderates late effects of early childhood Holocaust exposure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About