Disorders of serum omega-3 fatty acid composition in dialyzed patients, and their associations with fat mass

Abstract

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Lipid disorders, a constant feature of CKD, might contribute to this state. The aim of this study was to evaluate n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) composition in CKD patients treated with dialysis, in comparison to the general population and to assess possible associations between the n-3 PUFA profile and anthropometric variables. Thirty-three prevalent dialysis patients were studied and compared with an age- and sex-adjusted control group of 22 patients. Fatty acid composition in serum was analyzed by gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS) and anthropometric measures were assessed by bioimpedance spectroscopy. The fatty acid profile of dialyzed patients was characterized by a significantly lower percentage content of n-3 PUFA. For α-linolenic acid (ALA), it was 0.21 ± 0.09% in dialysis patients versus 0.33 ± 0.11% in the control group (p < .001). For eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), 0.59 ± 0.23% versus 1.15 ± 0.87% (p < .001), and for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 1.11 ± 0.50% versus 1.75 ± 0.87% (p < .001), respectively. The amount of n-3 PUFA decreased with time on dialysis and it correlated positively with body fat mass. For DHA, this correlation was r = .48 (p < .01) and for EPA r = .40 (p < .05). Patients with CKD have a relatively low content of n-3 PUFA which may contribute to their high cardiovascular risk. Patients with a higher content of body fat are characterized by a favorable fatty acid composition.

Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Renal Failure: Role of eNOS Activation and of Oxidative Stress

“…In CKD, n -3-polyunsaturated fatty acids could therefore potentially improve endothelial dysfunction by inducing anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and by enhancing NO availability, although specific data are currently not available. Recently, Sikorska et al [ 12 ] and Shoji et al [ 13 ] have investigated n -3 PUFA levels in CKD patients and their relationship with cardiovascular mortality. These studies have shown that plasma levels of n -3 PUFA are reduced in hemodialysis patients [ 12 ] and that low n -3 PUFA are independent predictors of cardiovascular disease in this population [ 13 ].…”

Protective effects and mechanisms of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on intestinal injury and macrophage polarization in peritoneal dialysis rats

“…This study also demonstrated that ω‐3PUFA inhibited peritoneal fibrosis through inhibiting activation of fibroblasts and M2 microphages; subsequently the TGF‐β1‐VEGF‐ALK5 signaling in rats received peritoneal dialysis with 4.25% glucose. Although ω‐3 fatty acids have been demonstrated to prolong the survival of patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease, their effects on peritoneal fibrosis have not been reported. This study in a peritoneal dialysis rat model first demonstrated the protective effects of ω‐3 fatty acids on peritoneal fibrosis‐induced side effects.…”

“…Clinical studies suggest that supplementation with pharmacological doses of ω‐3PUFA prolongs the survival of patients with heart failure most likely through its anti‐inflammatory effects, such as reducing circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines . A recent study demonstrated that dialyzed patients have a significantly lower content of n‐3 PUFA, which contributes to a high cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease . However, the effects of ω‐3PUFA on the development of peritoneal fibrosis during peritoneal dialysis have not been addressed.…”

Differences between α-linolenic and linoleic acid supplementation on the redox status and cardiodynamic parameters of male and female Wistar albino rats

“…Animals were housed under controlled environmental conditions, at 25ºC and a 12-h light/dark cycle with ad libitum access to food and tap water. For 6 weeks, the FA ALA or LA were administered by gavage to all animals [19], which were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: (i) male rats treated with linoleic acid (M-LA) at a dose of 7.3 mg/kg/day [20]; (ii) female rats treated with linoleic acid (F-LA) at a dose of 7.3 mg/kg/day; (iii) male rats treated with α-linolenic acid (M-ALA) at a dose of 165 mg/kg/day [21]; (iv) female rats treated with α-linolenic acid (F-ALA) at a dose of 165 mg/kg/day.…”