Disorders of Amniotic Fluid

Liley, Andrew

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-065502-1.50010-3

Cited by 56 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…In respect of viscosity (and probably the other properties, too), a region exists (at high temperature) for which there is only a lower bound on T" (Liley, 1972).…”

Section: Other Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

The indeterminacy of the values of potential parameters as derived from transport and virial coefficients

Reichenberg

1973

AIChE Journal

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The present work originated in a re-examination of the application of the Lennard-Jones ( 12:6) potential function to the viscosity-temperature relations of gases and vapors at low pressures. In particular, attention was focused on a phenomenon mentioned by Mueller and Lewis (1957) and described in more detail by Reid and Sherwood (1966) and Reid (1968) whereby disparate sets of values of u and d k (the Lennard-Jones potential parameters) represent experimental data equally well. Several examples of this behavior are quoted in the paper by Reid (1968), but only one example will be considered here. Flynn and Thodos (1962) Reid and Sherwood point out that the respective authors used somewhat different numerical methods to evaluate the parameters. However, such differences in the methods do not in themselves explain either the enormous differences in the values obtained or the remarkably good fit which each set gives to the experimental viscosity values.An explanation for these facts was given by Kim and Ross (1967) in a brief but important note which appears to have been overlooked by later authors. When the work reported here was begun, the author, too, was unaware of Kim and Ross's note and analyzed the problem independently. The solution obtained in the present study is virtually identical with that obtained by these authors, but since the scope of the present work is wider, some degree of restatement is necessary.A number of physical properties of gases are affected by the mutual interaction of molecules at close distances. In relation to the properties of gases at relatively low pressures, only binary interactions are significant. Numerical values for a number of properties of gases can then be predicted from the kinetic theory of gases, provided one assumes a particular pairwise interaction potential function, expressing the energy of interaction of two molecules as a function of their distance apart and (where relevant) relative orientation. This note is concerned only with cases where orientation is not significant. In these circumstances, the theoretical expressions often take the formwhere y is the predicted numerical value of the physical property (for example, viscosity, or second virial coefficient) and A is a constant (at least for a particular substance) not depending in any way on the parameters of the interaction potential function. The collision diameter u is one of the parameters of the interaction potential function and may be defined as the distance (other than infinity) between the centers of the two molecules when the net potential energy is zero. T is the absolute temperature, i and i are absolute constants, and D* is a dimensionless quantity dependent on the form of the particular interaction potential function. If a particular potential function is assumed, values of D o may be calculated from theoretical considerations, classical or quantum-mechanical; D" can then be expressed as a function of dimensionless variables, one of which is always T' = k T / c k is here the Boltzmann constant, ...

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“…In respect of viscosity (and probably the other properties, too), a region exists (at high temperature) for which there is only a lower bound on T" (Liley, 1972).…”

Section: Other Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

The indeterminacy of the values of potential parameters as derived from transport and virial coefficients

Reichenberg

1973

AIChE Journal

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“…For infants, the sweet sugar lactose found in breast milk can also be metabolized to provide glucose energy. Indirect evidence from early studies of fetuses [12] , together with findings from studies of premature infants, suggests that detection of sweet taste stimuli is possible during late gestation [13] . This early experience may prepare newborns to detect and accept the basic taste of sweet found in breast milk, which contributes to their survival.…”

Section: Sweet Tastementioning

confidence: 99%

Flavor Perception and Preference Development in Human Infants

Forestell¹

2017

Ann Nutr Metab

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As most parents and caregivers are aware, feeding children a nutritionally balanced diet can be challenging. Children are born with a biological predisposition to prefer sweet and to avoid bitter foods such as green leafy vegetables. It has been hypothesized that this predisposition evolved to attract children to energy-dense foods while discouraging the consumption of toxins. Although this may have enhanced survival in environments historically characterized by food scarcity, it is clearly maladaptive in many of today's food environments where children are surrounded by an abundance of sweet-tasting, unhealthful foods and beverages that place them at risk for excessive weight gain. Because overweight or obese children tend to become overweight or obese adults who are at risk for a range of cardiovascular diseases, it is of primary importance to develop effective evidence-based strategies to promote the development of healthy eating styles. Fortunately, accumulating evidence suggests that, starting before birth and continuing throughout development, there are repeated and varied opportunities for children to learn to enjoy the flavors of healthful foods. Because flavors are transmitted from the maternal diet to amniotic fluid and breast milk, mothers who consume a variety of healthful foods throughout pregnancy and lactation provide their infants with an opportunity to learn to like these flavors. This in turn eases the transition to healthful foods at weaning. In contrast, infants fed formula learn to prefer its invariant flavor profile, which differs from breast milk, and may initially be less accepting of flavors not found in formula. This process can continue throughout weaning and into childhood if infants are repeatedly exposed to a variety of healthful foods, even if they initially dislike them. These early-life sensory experiences establish food preferences and dietary patterns that set the stage for lifelong dietary habits.

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“…Кишечные колики и нарушения харак-тера стула зафиксированы у 2 (16,6%) детей первой группы, но при повторном осмотре младенцев они заре-гистрированы не были. Во второй группе положительное восприятие безмолочной гречневой каши, обогащенной 3 -полиненасыщенными жирными кислотами, наблюда-ли начиная с 3,0 ± 0,97 сут от начала ее введения. В этой группе у 1 (8,3%) ребенка отмечено появление срыгива-ний и у 2 (16,6%) -изменение характера стула.…”

Section: результаты собственных наблюденийunclassified

“…A. W. Liley в 1972 г. показал, что изменение частоты глотательных движений плода зави-сит от характера вводимых в состав амниотической жид-кости растворов. Автор обнаружил учащение глотатель-ных движений у плода при введении сладких растворов и, наоборот, замедление -при воздействии горького вкуса [3]. G. K. влияние рациона питания матери во время беременно-сти на формирование вкуса у ребенка в последующем.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified