Disorders in the Morphology and Nanostructure of Erythrocyte Membranes after Long-term Storage of Erythrocyte Suspension: Atomic Force Microscopy Study

Abstract

Disorders in the erythrocyte morphology and structure of their membranes during long-term storage of erythrocyte suspension (30 days at 4°C) were studied by atomic force microscopy. The morphology and nanostructure of erythrocyte membranes, biochemical parameters, ion exchange parameters, and hemoglobin spectra were recorded. The transformation of erythrocyte morphology and destruction of their membranes were observed throughout the storage period. Irreversible forms of spheroechinocytes and their fragments formed by the end of storage. The concentrations of potassium ions and lactate in solution of the blood preservatiive increased, while pH value decreased. Hemolysis detected by the erythrocyte "leakage" effect was observed starting from days 16-23 of storage.

Ultrastructural changes in red blood cells in aortic dissection patients under extracorporeal circulation: Atomic force microscopy study

“…In addition, the allogeneic blood transfusion volume was limited to below four units from each person based on clinical experience and references. 9,10…”

“…In addition, the allogeneic blood transfusion volume was limited to below four units from each person based on clinical experience and references. 9,10 RBC shape changes can be categorized, and the percent malformation is based on previously established standards. 11 The demographic and baseline characteristics of patients were also collected.…”