Disordered eating and considerations for the transgender community: a review of the literature and clinical guidance for assessment and treatment

McGregor, Kerry; McKenna, John L.; Barrera, Ellis P.; Williams, Coleen R.; Hartman-Munick, Sydney M.; Guss, Carly E.

doi:10.1186/s40337-023-00793-0

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Researchers have proposed that trans people are at increased risk for developing eating disorders and disordered eating because they are more likely to experience minority stress and gender dysphoria [29 ▪ ,30]. Some researchers have explicitly tested these factors [31,32 ▪ ] by linking traumatic experiences, internalized stigma, discrimination, and gender dysphoria with eating disorder symptoms [31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eating disorders in transgender and gender diverse people: characteristics, assessment, and management

Keski-Rahkonen

2023

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

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Purpose of review This review summarizes recent research on eating disorders among gender minorities, transgender and gender diverse people. The focus is on research published in 2022 and the first half of 2023. Recent findings Up to 1.2% of young people and 0.3–0.5% of adults identify as transgender, and 2.7–8.4% of young people and 0.3–4.5% of adults report some degree of gender diversity. About 20–50% of transgender and gender diverse people report engaging in disordered eating and >30% screen positive for eating disorder symptoms, and 2–12% have received an eating disorder diagnosis from a health professional. Many transgender and gender diverse people describe eating disorder symptoms as a way of coping with gender dysphoria. They also report high levels of mental and behavioral symptoms, particularly mood and anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, trauma-related symptoms and disorders, alcohol and substance use, and autism. Gender minorities frequently experience discrimination, victimization, and violence, primarily sexual and physical violence. The minority stress model attributes mental health symptoms to these factors. Promising interventions based on the minority stress model have recently become available, but more research is needed on how to support transgender and gender diverse people with eating disorders. To manage eating disorders in this population, gender-affirming care should be combined with specialist eating disorder treatment. Summary Gender minorities are at high risk for eating disorders. Future studies should assess what is the most appropriate treatment for transgender and gender diverse people with eating disorders.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A key tenet of gender-affirming care is that variations in gender identity and expression are natural, expected, and not pathological [29 ▪ ]. Gender incongruence and gender dysphoria experienced by trans people are best relieved by social acceptance and providing access to gender-affirming interventions [3 ▪▪ ,49,50].…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating disorders in transgender and gender diverse people: characteristics, assessment, and management

Keski-Rahkonen

2023

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

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“That’s not at all what I needed” trans adults' perspectives on trans-affirming primary care and eating disorders

Smith,

Harrop

2024

Social Science & Medicine

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Barriers and facilitators to ethical co-production with Autistic people with an eating disorder

Nimbley,

Maloney,

Buchan

et al. 2024

J Eat Disord

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Background Co-production is the collaboration between researchers and the lived experience community in designing, conducting and sharing research. The importance of co-production is increasingly advocated in both the autism and eating disorder fields. Despite this, there remains a lack of clarity at how to define, apply and conduct ethical co-production. Understanding common challenges and what we can do to overcome these challenges are integral to ensuring ethical and meaningful research with Autistic people with an eating disorder. The current study therefore explored: What are the barriers and facilitators to ethical co-production with Autistic people with an ED? Methods Five workshops were conducted with 30 collaborators exploring barriers and facilitators to ethical co-production. Synchronous (online workshops) and asynchronous (offline discussion forum) data was analysed using thematic analysis. Themes were co-produced by a neurotypical and Autistic researcher with lived/living experience of an eating disorder. Results Four themes were identified that explored barriers to ethical co-production: unequal partnerships, the inaccessibility of research, excluded by diagnoses and communication differences. Three themes were identified with regards to facilitators of ethical co-production: shared power (with sub-themes relationships, not roles and creative compensation), clarity and transparency and autism-affirming approaches. Discussion Conducting ethical co-production with Autistic people with eating disorders has the potential to generate meaningful research that can be translated into improving the lives of the Autistic and eating disorder community. To achieve this, co-production teams should strive towards shared power and long-term relationships, adapting for communication differences and preferences and operating firmly within an autism-affirming framework. It is hoped that study findings will inspire collaboration, discussion and novel, translatable research.

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Disordered eating and considerations for the transgender community: a review of the literature and clinical guidance for assessment and treatment

Cited by 3 publications

References 80 publications

Eating disorders in transgender and gender diverse people: characteristics, assessment, and management

Eating disorders in transgender and gender diverse people: characteristics, assessment, and management

“That’s not at all what I needed” trans adults' perspectives on trans-affirming primary care and eating disorders

Barriers and facilitators to ethical co-production with Autistic people with an eating disorder

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