Dismantling a complex of anther smuts (<i>Microbotryum</i>) on carnivorous plants in the genus<i>Pinguicula</i>

Ziegler, Rebekka; Lutz, Matthias; Piątek, Jolanta; Piątek, Marcin

doi:10.1080/00275514.2018.1451697

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…are specific at the host species level. This provides evidence for two more assumed broad-range biotrophic pathogens to be species complexes, rather than single species, similar to the situation observed in other pathogens (e.g., Lutz et al 2005, Beenken et al 2012, Choi et al 2015, Scholler et al 2016, Kruse et al 2018, Ziegler et al 2018). The three major lineages found within Entyloma (the E. microsporum complex, the E. ranunculi-repentis complex, and E. verruculosum ) are readily distinguished by teliospore surface ornamentation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Broad host range species in specialised pathogen groups should be treated with suspicion – a case study on Entyloma infecting Ranunculus

Kruse¹,

Piątek²,

Lutz³

et al. 2018

persoonia

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Plant pathogenic smut fungi in the broader sense can be divided into the Ustilaginomycetes, which cause classical smut symptoms with masses of blackish spores being produced in a variety of angiosperms, and the Exobasidiomycetes, which are often less conspicuous, as many do not shed large amounts of blackish spores. The leaf-spot causing members of the genus Entyloma (Entylomatales, Exobasidiomycetes) belong to the latter group. Currently, 172 species that all infect eudicots are included in the genus. Vánky (2012) recognised five Entyloma species on species of Ranunculus s.lat. Two have been reported only from Ficaria verna s.lat., while three, E. microsporum, E. ranunculi-repentis, E. verruculosum, have been reported to have a broad host range, encompassing 30, 26, and 5 species of Ranunculus, respectively. This broad host range is in contrast to the generally high host specificity assumed for species of Entyloma, indicating that they may represent complexes of specialised species. The aim of this study was to investigate Entyloma on Ranunculus s.lat. using multigene phylogenies and morphological comparisons. Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of up to four loci (ITS, atp2, ssc1, and map) showed a clustering of Entyloma specimens according to host species. For some of these Entyloma lineages, names not currently in use were available and reinstated. In addition, Entyloma microsporum s.str. is neotypified. Six novel species are described in this study, namely, Entyloma jolantae on Ranunculus oreophilus, E. klenkei on R. marginatus, E. kochmanii on R. lanuginosus, E. piepenbringiae on R. polyanthemos subsp. nemorosus (type host) and R. repens, E. savchenkoi on R. paludosus, and E. thielii on R. montanus. For all species diagnostic bases and morphological characteristics are provided. The results in this study once more highlight the importance of detailed re-investigation of broad host-range pathogens of otherwise specialised plant pathogen groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Broad host range species in specialised pathogen groups should be treated with suspicion – a case study on Entyloma infecting Ranunculus

Kruse¹,

Piątek²,

Lutz³

et al. 2018

persoonia

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“…The latter fact suggests that Entorrhizales are probably host species specific like many biotrophic pathogens (e.g. Lutz et al 2008;Choi et al 2011;Beenken et al 2012;Piątek et al 2013aPiątek et al , b, 2016Rouxel et al 2013;Mardones et al 2017;Ziegler et al 2018;Kruse et al 2018). Therefore, further splitting of polyphagous species, especially Juncorrhiza casparyana reported from 17 host plants (Vánky 2012), may increase the number of species in this order.…”

Section: Hidden Diversity In the Entorrhizalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and diversification of the Entorrhizales: deep evolutionary roots but recent speciation with a phylogenetic and phenotypic split between associates of the Cyperaceae and Juncaceae

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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Fungi belonging to the Entorrhizales (Entorrhizomycota) comprise biotrophic pathogens associated with roots of the Cyperaceae and Juncaceae plant species. They are nearly globally distributed but rarely studied due to a hidden lifestyle without causing visible effects on host plants. Therefore, the evolutionary origin and phylogenetic relationships of the group are still poorly understood and it is not known whether species diversification was the result of co-evolution with their hosts or the result of host jumps. To infer hypotheses about the evolutionary history of the Entorrhizales, divergence times were estimated and plant-fungal tanglegrams calculated. Relaxed molecular clock analyses suggest that the Entorrhizomycota originated around the Neoproterozoic-Palaeozoic and diverged during the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene into the extant orders Entorrhizales and Talbotiomycetales. The split of the major lineages within the Entorrhizales took place in the Eocene, somewhat later than the divergence of the host families Cyperaceae and Juncaceae. Topology-and distance-based co-phylogenetic analyses of the fungi and their hosts revealed a large number of co-speciation and lineage sorting events in early fungal speciation, which resulted in a phylogenetic split corresponding to species infecting Cyperaceae or Juncaceae. Given that this split is congruent with spore differences, Entorrhiza s. str. is emended for species infecting hosts in the Cyperaceae, and a new genus Juncorrhiza is described for species restricted to hosts in the Juncaceae. Additionally, three new species are described: Entorrhiza fuirenae, Juncorrhiza maritima and J. oxycarpi.

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“…Microbotryum is a basidiomycete genus of anther‐smut fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subphylum. Taxonomic revisions of the M. violaceum (formerly Ustilago violacea ) species complex are ongoing (e.g., Le Gac et al, ; Denchev, Giraud, & Hood, ; Piątek et al, ; Ziegler, Lutz, Piątek, & Piątek, ), and all samples will be referred to here by the genus Microbotryum and the host‐of‐origin (e.g., Mv – S. latifolia ); where available, Latin binomials are given in Supporting Information Table . The disease is spread by insect pollinators that transmit the fungal spores produced in the anthers of infected plants (Figure ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympatry and interference of divergent Microbotryum pathogen species

Hood

Antonovics

Wolf

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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The impact of infectious diseases in natural ecosystems is strongly influenced by the degree of pathogen specialization and by the local assemblies of potential host species. This study investigated anther‐smut disease, caused by fungi in the genus Microbotryum , among natural populations of plants in the Caryophyllaceae. A broad geographic survey focused on sites of the disease on multiple host species in sympatry. Analysis of molecular identities for the pathogens revealed that sympatric disease was most often due to co‐occurrence of distinct, host‐specific anther‐smut fungi, rather than localized cross‐species disease transmission. Flowers from sympatric populations showed that the Microbotryum spores were frequently moved between host species. Experimental inoculations to simulate cross‐species exposure to the pathogens in these plant communities showed that the anther‐smut pathogen was less able to cause disease on its regular host when following exposure of the plants to incompatible pathogens from another host species. These results indicate that multi‐host/multi‐pathogen communities are common in this system and they involve a previously hidden mechanism of interference between Microbotryum fungi, which likely affects both pathogen and host distributions.

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Dismantling a complex of anther smuts (Microbotryum) on carnivorous plants in the genusPinguicula

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

Broad host range species in specialised pathogen groups should be treated with suspicion – a case study on Entyloma infecting Ranunculus

Broad host range species in specialised pathogen groups should be treated with suspicion – a case study on Entyloma infecting Ranunculus

The origin and diversification of the Entorrhizales: deep evolutionary roots but recent speciation with a phylogenetic and phenotypic split between associates of the Cyperaceae and Juncaceae

Sympatry and interference of divergent Microbotryum pathogen species

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