Disk Drive Roadmap from the Thermal Perspective: A Case for Dynamic Thermal Management

Gurumurthi, Sudhanva; Sivasubramaniam, Anand; Natarajan, Vivek

doi:10.1109/isca.2005.24

Cited by 50 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Gurumurthi et al constructed an integrated disk drive model used to investigate the thermal behavior of a hard disk [10]. The model calculates the heat generated from the following components: internal drive air, spindle motor, the base and cover of disk, the voice-coil motor, and disk arms.…”

Section: Disk Energy Consumption and Temperature Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal modeling and analysis of storage systems

Jiang

Alghamdi

Zhang

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE 31st International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC)

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Abstract-Recognizing that power and cooling cost for data centers are increasing, we address in this study the thermal impact of storage systems. In the first phase of this work, we generate the thermal profile of a storage server containing three hard disks. The profiling results show that disks have comparable thermal impacts as processing and networking elements to overall storage node temperature. We develop a thermal model to estimate the outlet temperature of a storage server based on processor and disk utilizations. The thermal model is validated against data acquired by an infrared thermometer as well as build-in temperature sensors on disks. Next, we apply the thermal model to investigate the thermal impact of workload management on storage systems. Our study suggests that disk-aware thermal management techniques have significant impacts on reducing cooling cost of storage systems. We further show that this work can be extended to analysis the cooling cost of data centers with massive storage capacity.

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Section: Disk Energy Consumption and Temperature Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal modeling and analysis of storage systems

Jiang

Alghamdi

Zhang

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE 31st International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC)

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“…However, there are several shortcomings inherent to HDDs. First, designers of HDDs are finding it increasingly difficult to further improve the RPM due to problems of dealing with the resulting increase in power consumption and temperature [6]. Second, any further improvement in storage density-another way to increase the IDR-is increasingly harder to achieve and requires significant technological breakthroughs such as perpendicular recording [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HybridStore: A Cost-Efficient, High-Performance Storage System Combining SSDs and HDDs

Kim

Gupta

Urgaonkar

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE 19th Annual International Symposium on Modelling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems

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Abstract-Unlike the use of DRAM for caching or buffering, certain idiosyncrasies of NAND Flash-based solid-state drives (SSDs) make their integration into existing systems non-trivial. Flash memory suffers from limits on its reliability, is an order of magnitude more expensive than the magnetic hard disk drives (HDDs), and can sometimes be as slow as the HDD (due to excessive garbage collection (GC) induced by high intensity of random writes). Given these trade-offs between HDDs and SSDs in terms of cost, performance, and lifetime, the current consensus among several storage experts is to view SSDs not as a replacement for HDD but rather as a complementary device within the high-performance storage hierarchy. We design and evaluate such a hybrid system called HybridStore to provide: (a) HybridPlan: improved capacity planning technique to administrators with the overall goal of operating within cost-budgets and (b) HybridDyn: improved performance/lifetime guarantees during episodes of deviations from expected workloads through two novel mechanisms: write-regulation and fragmentation busting. As an illustrative example of HybridStore's efficacy, HybridPlan is able to find the most cost-effective storage configuration for a large scale workload of Microsoft Research and suggest one MLC SSD with ten 7.2K RPM HDDs instead of fourteen 7.2K RPM HDDs only. HybridDyn is able to reduce the average response time for an enterprise scale random-write dominant workload by about 71% as compared to a HDD-based system.

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“…The power consumption of a disk drive is affected by both static design parameters as well as runtime (dynamic) factors [6]. An example of a static design parameter is the number of the platters, which can be made smaller or larger based on the power budget.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%