Disintegration of Lithium by Swift Protons

Cockcroft, John; Walton, E. T. S.

doi:10.1038/129649a0

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…[32] and "As chemists we should rename Ra, Ac, Th to Ba, La, Ce. As 'nuclear chemists' close to physics, we cannot take this step, ‡ They also reported another activity assigned to 27 Si, however, most likely they observed 28 Al because it contradicts all present knowledge of nuclear physics." [33].…”

Section: Nuclear Reactions and First Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Current status and future potential of nuclide discoveries

Thoennessen¹

2013

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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Section: Nuclear Reactions and First Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Current status and future potential of nuclide discoveries

Thoennessen¹

2013

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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“…The observation that the mass of helium is less than the sum of four hydrogen masses [Ast20a] offered the key to the energy source of the Sun and all stars, nuclear fusion, and revealed, already in the early twenties, the immense reservoir of "subatomic energy" [Edd20]. Finally the news that the mass of an atom is less than the total mass of its constituents (the socalled "mass defect", initially discovered as a deviation from the whole-number rule and named "packing fraction" [Ast27]), offered the first test of the relativistic energy-mass relationship (E = mc 2 ) [Coc32].…”

Section: Preamblementioning

confidence: 99%

Binding Energy of Strongly Deformed Radionuclides

Manea

2015

Springer Theses

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The most complex nuclei are situated between the magic and the mid-shell ones, in regions known for sudden changes of the trends of nuclear observables. These are the so-called shape-transition regions, where the nuclear paradigm changes from the vibrational liquid drop to the static rotor. With few exceptions, nuclei in these regions are radioactive, with half-lives dropping into the millisecond range.Complementing the information obtained from the low-lying excitation spectrum, nuclear binding energies and mean-square charge radii are among the observables most sensitive to these changes of nuclear structure. In the present work, a study of the shapetransition phenomenon is performed by measurements of radioactive nuclides produced by the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The masses of the neutron-rich rubidium isotopes 98−100 Rb and of the neutron-deficient gold isotopes 180,185,188,190,191 Au are determined using the Penning-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP. The mass of 100 Rb is determined for the first time. Significant deviations from the literature values are found for the isotopes 188,190 Au. A new experimental method is presented, using a recently developed multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer as a beam-analysis tool for resonanceionization laser spectroscopy. The new method opens the path to measurements of atomic hyperfine spectra with ISOLTRAP, from which charge radii and electromagnetic moments of radioactive nuclides can be extracted.The properties of the studied nuclides map the borders of two prominent regions of quadrupole deformation, which constrain the fine balance between pairing and quadrupole correlations in the nuclear ground states. This balance is studied by the Hartree-FockBogoliubov (HFB) approach. The sensitivity of the shape-transition phenomenon to the strength of pairing correlations is demonstrated. In particular, the strong odd-even staggering of charge radii in the mercury isotopic chain is shown to result in the HFB approach from the fine interplay between pairing, quadrupole correlations and quasiparticle blocking.

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“…The "swift protons," as Cockcroft called them, had made lithium nuclei disintegrate. 4 A few months later, Ernest Lawrence and Stanley Livingston at Berkeley disintegrated lithium, boron, and fluorine by bombarding them with 1.2-MeV protons from Lawrence's cyclotron. By repeatedly accelerating the orbiting protons across the same voltage, the cyclotron was the first accelerator that could achieve high particle energies without the need for high voltage.…”

Section: Nuclear Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 That was the first of four monumental discoveries of 1932. The discoveries of the neutron, 2 the positron, 3 and the disintegration of nuclei by particle accelerators 4 followed in quick succession. Those discoveries promptly transformed the understanding of nuclear structure and demonstrated the reality of antimatter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%