Disinhibitory sensation seeking, personality and gonadal hormones

Daitzman, Reid J.; Zuckerman, Marvin

doi:10.1016/0191-8869(80)90027-6

Cited by 295 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Given widespread findings relating testosterone and aggression, it is notable that we did not find testosterone related to aggression on the ACL, nor did Baucom et al (1985) or Daitzman and Zuckerman (1980) report any relationship to aggression . Animal studies have shown a clear relationship between testosterone and aggression (Bernstein et al, 1974), and studies with human beings have found higher testosterone in more violent prison inmates (Ehrenkranz, Bliss, & Sheard , 1974;Kreuz & Rose, 1972).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…These are self-perceptions that, in future studies , may be verified by behavioral observations and peer ratings. Like Baucom et al (1985; with female subjects), we found that high testosterone levels seem to go with a vital, active , carefree attitude , and, like Daitzman and Zuckerman (1980), we found high levels associated with a wild and slightly negative quality that goes with disinhibitory sensation seeking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Baucom, Besch, and Callahan (1985) found that saliva testosterone levels in females are related to the Bern Sex Role Inventory (Bern, 1974) and to adjective checklist items; the levels were highest among undifferentiated females and among those who described themselves as resourceful, robust, impulsive , not rational, and not civilized. In the only study of men, Daitzman and Zuckerman (1980) found that males with high testosterone levels scored high on the disinhibition subscale of the Sensation Seeking scale .…”

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confidence: 92%

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Saliva testosterone and personality of male college students

Dabbs

Ruback

1988

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Saliva testosterone was assayed from 47 male college students, who also completed Heilbrun's (1965, 1983) Adjective Check List (ACL) and Spence and Helmreich's (1984) Expanded Personal Attributes Questionnaire (EPAQ). Multiple regression onto three ACL scales, heterosexuality, exhibition, and self-control, accounted for 33% of the variance in testosterone. Factor analyses on data from an independent sample of 1,000 males revealed three factors, based on fewer than half the items of the original scales, that still accounted for 21 % of the variance in testosterone. These factors can be described as engaging versus cold, arrogant versus unpretentious, and steady versus erratic. Subjects with high testosterone levels were engaging, unpretentious, and erratic. EPAQ results indicated that subjects with high testosterone levels are high in expressive behavior. The overall picture is in contrast to findings that testosterone is related to criminal violence. An attempt at replication failed, leaving uncertain the matter of how much reliance can be placed on the present findings.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Saliva testosterone and personality of male college students

Dabbs

Ruback

1988

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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“…However, if testosterone continued to rise or became chronically elevated, it could begin to have the opposite effect on P&L and survival (24), because testosterone has also been found to lead to impulsivity and sensation seeking (25), to harmful risk taking (21), and, among users of anabolic steroids, to euphoria and mania (26). In one study, testosterone was administered to a group of subjects playing the Iowa Gambling Task, and it led to irrational risk-reward tradeoffs, causing the subjects to prefer the high-variance negative expected-return decks of cards to the low-variance positive expected-return decks (27,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous steroids and financial risk taking on a London trading floor

Coates

Herbert

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

575

351

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Little is known about the role of the endocrine system in financial risk taking. Here, we report the findings of a study in which we sampled, under real working conditions, endogenous steroids from a group of male traders in the City of London. We found that a trader's morning testosterone level predicts his day's profitability. We also found that a trader's cortisol rises with both the variance of his trading results and the volatility of the market. Our results suggest that higher testosterone may contribute to economic return, whereas cortisol is increased by risk. Our results point to a further possibility: testosterone and cortisol are known to have cognitive and behavioral effects, so if the acutely elevated steroids we observed were to persist or increase as volatility rises, they may shift risk preferences and even affect a trader's ability to engage in rational choice.cortisol ͉ testosterone ͉ reward ͉ uncertainty ͉ neuroeconomics T estosterone, produced by the Leydig cells of the testes and in smaller amounts by the adrenal cortex, mediates sexual behavior and competitive encounters. It rises, for example, in athletes preparing for a competition and rises even further in the winning athlete, while falling in the losing one (1, 2). This androgenic priming of the winner can increase confidence and risk taking and improve chances of winning yet again, leading to a positive-feedback loop termed the ''winner effect'' (3, 4). Cortisol, produced by the adrenal cortex, plays a central role in the physiological and behavioral response to a physical challenge or psychological stressor. Cortisol is particularly sensitive to situations of uncontrollability, novelty, and uncertainty (5). Its wide-ranging effects include dampening the immune system; stimulating glucose metabolism; and altering mood, memory, and behavioral response to threatening circumstances (6-8). Because testosterone has been found to play a role in winning and losing, and cortisol has been found to play a role in responding to stress and uncertainty, we developed the hypothesis that these steroids would respond to financial risk taking. Specifically, we predicted that testosterone would rise on days when traders made an above-average gain in the markets, and cortisol would rise on days when traders were stressed by an above-average loss. Our data confirmed the first prediction but suggested that cortisol responds more to uncertainty of return than to loss.In designing our protocol, we assumed that traders would experience a large endocrine reaction only if the risks they were taking and the consequent profit and loss were large enough to matter to them; if, that is, the trading would meaningfully affect their income, reputation, or, in the worst case, chances of being fired. We therefore decided to conduct the study on a real trading floor rather than under laboratory conditions and to sample steroids while traders did their normal jobs (9). With permission from the managers of a midsized trading floor (Ϸ260 traders, of which 4 were female) in t...

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“…Males are also different than females on some biological markers in ways that point to a higher level of sensation seeking. They have higher testosterone levels (Daitzman & Zuckerman, 1980) and lower levels of platelet MAO (Murphy et al, 1976;Robinson et al, 1971), although the findings concerning the relation between augmenting-reducing and gender are mixed (see Zuckerman, 1983).…”

Section: Sensation Seekingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reckless behavior in adolescence: A developmental perspective

Arnett

1992

Developmental Review

767

506

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A developmental theory of reckless behavior among adolescents is presented, in which sensation seeking and adolescent egocentrism are especially prominent factors. Findings from studies of automobile driving, sex without contraception, illegal drug use, and minor criminal activity are presented in evidence of this. The influence of peers is then discussed and reinterpreted in the light of sensation seeking and adolescent egocentrism. Socialization influences are considered in interaction with sensation seeking and adolescent egocentrism, and the terms narrow and broad socialization are introduced. Factors that may be responsible for the decline of reckless behavior with age are discussed.

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Disinhibitory sensation seeking, personality and gonadal hormones

Cited by 295 publications

References 24 publications

Saliva testosterone and personality of male college students

Saliva testosterone and personality of male college students

Endogenous steroids and financial risk taking on a London trading floor

Reckless behavior in adolescence: A developmental perspective

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