Disinfection of wastewaters: high-energy electron vs gamma irradiation

Farooq, Shaukat; Kurucz, Charles N.; Waite, Thomas D.; Cooper, William J.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(93)90009-7

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Gram positive, vegetative bacteria exhibit an immediate resistance, while bacterial spores and some viruses are slightly more difficult to inactivate, generally requiring doses in excess of 1.5 kGy to achieve a similar 1-log 10 removal (Wickramanayake 1990). Yeager, et al 1983Yeager, et al 1983Silverman 1983Silverman 1983Silverman 1983Silverman 1983Yeager, et al 1983Yeager, et al 1983Yeager, et al 1983Sivinsky et al 1983Sivinsky et al 1983Farooq et al 1993Sivinsky et al 1983Silverman 1983Maloof 1988 $0.04 $0.04 -$0.05 $0.14 $0.12 $0.15 $0.19 $0.03 -$0.05 $0.26 $0.02 -$0.03 $0.04 -$0.06 $0.02 -$0.04 $0.06 $0.08 -$0.14 $0.22 $0.08 a Estimated energy cost based on electrical costs of $0.10 per kWh and an electrical utilization efficiency of 70%.…”

Section: Radiation Resistancementioning

confidence: 96%

Disinfection of Foods, Waste Residuals and Homeland Defense Materials with Accelerated Electron Injection

Nickelsen¹,

Conley²,

Tornatore³

et al. 2005

proc water environ fed

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Controlling waterborne disease by adequate disinfection processes continues to be the main objective for water utilities; public operated treatment works (POTWs) and food processing facilities. Moreover, threats such as biological and chemical terrorism have faced the nation with new issues to consider when planning treatment strategies for new or existing plants. Traditional treatment processes such as filtration and chlorination are not effective against many of the biological, chemical, or organic contaminants of concern, while advanced technologies such as UV oxidation or membrane filtration have limited applications, as well. Thus, the development of a robust treatment technology, capable of meeting low residual concentrations for organic contaminants and inactivation of harmful microorganisms would offer significant benefit to society. One innovative approach is the use of the accelerated electron injection technique (E-beam) that is currently applied in various industrial/municipal processes. E-beam treatment has been used for over 50 years for plastics polymerization, medical instrument sterilization, and recently, processed food disinfection. The E-beam has also been demonstrated to be effective in reducing and/or eliminating many persistent chemicals such as BTEX, NDMA, MTBE, bromate ion, and emerging pollutants of concern (EPOCs), from various environmental media while inactivating coliforms, Salmonella, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, anthrax and other harmful microorganisms.The E-beam process is an ionizing radiation process which creates both reducing and oxidizing treatment chemistry in aqueous solutions using a continuous stream of electrons, similar in nature to an "industrial grade" television set from electricity alone. The E-beam process has been demonstrated to be effective on nearly 200 organic compounds on and numerous pathogenic microorganisms. Reaction times are nearly instantaneous, with multiple reactions occurring in the less than 1/10 of a second that the process stream is in the presence of the injected electrons. These attributes address multiple organic and biological constituents simultaneously, and make the technology scaleable to high volumetric flow rate applications. This paper presents the fundamental aspects of the process, key project data, and discusses the significance of the observed results. In addition, an analysis of fundamental economics to apply high energy electron injection for food disinfection, potable water and wastewater applications will be presented.

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Section: Radiation Resistancementioning

confidence: 96%

Disinfection of Foods, Waste Residuals and Homeland Defense Materials with Accelerated Electron Injection

Nickelsen¹,

Conley²,

Tornatore³

et al. 2005

proc water environ fed

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“…Such studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ionizing radiation for the destruction of organic contaminants and the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms. The dose required for 3-log inactivation of coliphage and total coliforms in raw sewage and effluent was reported at a dose of 5 kGy [38]. 1-log inactivation of E. coli in primary and secondary effluent was achieved at a dose of 150-190 Gy [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of disinfection efficiency and regrowth control of microorganism in secondary wastewater effluent using UV, ozone, and ionizing irradiation process

Lee

Kim

Park

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

106

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“…The electron beam has also been used in radiation techniques, for instance cross-linking of polymers, vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubber, paint curing, polymerization and depolymerisation, sterilization of food, medical products, and municipal sewage. Nickelsen et al (1994), Farooq et al (1994, Woods and Pikaev (1994), Cooper et al (1992) and Kurucz et al (1992) were reported that the electron beam radiation has ample suitable for advanced oxidation technologies for both water purification and flue gases in environmental pollution mitigation. The dominating applications in the electron beam radiation field are cross-linking of cable insulation, electronic treatment of plastic tubes, and sterilization of medical products and food (Woods and Pikaev (1994) and Bradley 1984).…”

Section: Wastewater Treatment By Electron Beam Radiation Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation of wastewater with electron beam is a key to sustainable smart/green cities: a review

Hossain¹,

Maruthi

Das

et al. 2018

Appl Water Sci

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Remediation of wastewater, sludge and removal of objectionable substances from our environment using radiation technology is neglected. Hardly, a couple of decades ago, application of electron beam (EB) technology has gained attention for waste management. When wastewater is irradiated with electron beam, the beam can alter the physico-chemical properties of irradiated aqueous material and also transform wastewater chemicals due to the excitation or ionization of chemical molecules. Thus, chemical reactions may be capable of producing new compounds. The beam of electrons initiates primary reactions to induce the excitation or ionization of molecules at varied rates. This review paper will help to a budding researcher how to optimize the irradiation process to achieve high efficiency with low electron beam energy which is economically viable/ feasible. Application of E-beam radiation for wastewater treatment may ensure future smart cities with sustainable water resources management.

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Disinfection of wastewaters: high-energy electron vs gamma irradiation

Cited by 52 publications

References 9 publications

Disinfection of Foods, Waste Residuals and Homeland Defense Materials with Accelerated Electron Injection

Disinfection of Foods, Waste Residuals and Homeland Defense Materials with Accelerated Electron Injection

A comparative study of disinfection efficiency and regrowth control of microorganism in secondary wastewater effluent using UV, ozone, and ionizing irradiation process

Irradiation of wastewater with electron beam is a key to sustainable smart/green cities: a review

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