Disinfection of corona and myriad viruses in water by non-thermal plasma: a review

Abstract

Nowadays, in parallel to the appearance of the COVID-19 virus, the risk of viruses in water increases leading to the necessity of developing novel disinfection methods. This review focuses on the route of virus contamination in water and introduces non-thermal plasma technology as a promising method for the inactivation of viruses. Effects of essential parameters affecting the non-thermal discharge for viral inactivation have been exposed. The review has also illustrated a critical discussion of this technology with other advanced oxidation processes. Additionally, the inactivation mechanisms have also been detailed based on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.

Effects of Halides on Organic Compound Degradation during Plasma Treatment of Brines

“…A possible cause for this difference is that the generation of radical species during plasma treatment primarily occurs at the plasma–water interface, potentially leading to localized regions of high radical concentrations that accelerate the recombination reactions. Beyond determining the kinetics of compound degradation, the formation of hypohalous acids during plasma treatment is relevant if applications of plasma for disinfection − are expanded to systems wherein halides are present. In addition, the formation of hypohalous acids potentially leads to the generation of halogenated byproducts, , though these byproducts may also undergo dehalogenation by reductive species − generated by plasma.…”

Natural-based coagulants/flocculants as sustainable market-valued products for industrial wastewater treatment: a review of recent developments

“…Several studies have investigated the coagulation/occulation inuencing parameters to acquire the most effective treatment. Karam et al (2021) examined the viability of applying coagulation/occulation process for real textile effluent decontamination with different dosages of FeCl 3 coagulant (0.25-1.5) g L −1 at pH (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), rapid mixing (50-250) rpm for (1-5) min, slow mixing (10-50) rpm for (10-30) min and settling time min. The optimum treatment rates were achieved at pH 9, 150 rpm for 1 min rapid mixing, 30 rpm for 20 min slow mixing and settling period of 30 min.…”

“…Most industrial effluents have signicant levels of suspended and dissolved particles, organic and inorganic contaminants, toxic chemicals, non-biodegradable products and color, all of which are harmful to the environment and human health. [7][8][9] The discharge of raw industrial effluents might cause the following environmental problems: (a) visible and irregular pigmentation of water surfaces. (b) Severe consequences on organisms/microorganisms affecting their organic activities according to pollutant concentration and exposure time.…”

Disinfection of viruses with cold atmospheric‐pressure plasmas: Sources, mechanisms, and efficacy

“…This disrupts the chromatin structure, making DNA transcription and replication difficult to occur. [ 55 ]…”