Disinfection and the prevention of infectious disease

Cozad, Ann; Jones, Rhonda D.

doi:10.1067/mic.2003.49

Cited by 113 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Nonetheless, decomposition of J DFE is greatly dependent on how the role of the environment is interpreted in transition and transmission of secondary infectious hosts and FLP; this role has been controversial in the literature. Several studies suggest that the environment serves as a reservoir of infectious FLP for infection of humans, animals and plants [8,15,44]. Whereas other works conclude that the contaminated environment is only a minor factor within the complicated nature of infectious diseases [2,16,17,29,40].…”

Section: Basic Reproduction Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction numbers for infections with free-living pathogens growing in the environment

Bani-Yaghoub

Gautam

Shuai

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Dynamics

107

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The basic reproduction number R 0 for a compartmental disease model is often calculated by the next generation matrix (NGM) approach. When the interactions within and between disease compartments are interpreted differently, the NGM approach may lead to different R 0 expressions. This is demonstrated by considering a susceptible-infectious-recovered-susceptible model with free-living pathogen (FLP) growing in the environment. Although the environment could play different roles in the disease transmission process, leading to different R 0 expressions, there is a unique type reproduction number when control strategies are applied to the host population. All R 0 expressions agree on the threshold value 1 and preserve their order of magnitude. However, using data for salmonellosis and cholera, it is shown that the estimated R 0 values are substantially different. This study highlights the utility and limitations of reproduction numbers to accurately quantify the effects of control strategies for infections with FLPs growing in the environment.

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Section: Basic Reproduction Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction numbers for infections with free-living pathogens growing in the environment

Bani-Yaghoub

Gautam

Shuai

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Dynamics

107

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“…While affluent countries debate routine use of nontouch cleaning machines, underdeveloped countries struggle to provide clean water, basic equipment, and cleaning staff. Scientists and clinical microbiologists continue to argue over the value of detergent cleaning (e.g., in the United Kingdom and northern Europe) as opposed to disinfectants (in the United States and Australia) (26,27,36,37). There are governmental targets for HAI rates in some countries, which have helped prioritize infection control, including environmental cleaning practices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Hospital-Acquired Infection: Focus on the Role of the Environment and New Technologies for Decontamination

2014

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SUMMARY There is increasing interest in the role of cleaning for managing hospital-acquired infections (HAI). Pathogens such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multiresistant Gram-negative bacilli, norovirus, and Clostridium difficile persist in the health care environment for days. Both detergent- and disinfectant-based cleaning can help control these pathogens, although difficulties with measuring cleanliness have compromised the quality of published evidence. Traditional cleaning methods are notoriously inefficient for decontamination, and new approaches have been proposed, including disinfectants, steam, automated dispersal systems, and antimicrobial surfaces. These methods are difficult to evaluate for cost-effectiveness because environmental data are not usually modeled against patient outcome. Recent studies have reported the value of physically removing soil using detergent, compared with more expensive (and toxic) disinfectants. Simple cleaning methods should be evaluated against nonmanual disinfection using standardized sampling and surveillance. Given worldwide concern over escalating antimicrobial resistance, it is clear that more studies on health care decontamination are required. Cleaning schedules should be adapted to reflect clinical risk, location, type of site, and hand touch frequency and should be evaluated for cost versus benefit for both routine and outbreak situations. Forthcoming evidence on the role of antimicrobial surfaces could supplement infection prevention strategies for health care environments, including those targeting multidrug-resistant pathogens.

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“…Different hand hygiene methods used in different situations (e.g., before giving injection, after exposure to blood) were answered fairly by medical staff than surgical staff. Environmental surfaces like bedside table, stethoscope could potentially contribute to cross-infection by contamination of healthcare personnel from hand contact with contaminated surfaces, medical equipment [8]. Combination of Cetrimide + Chlorhexidine gluconate has broad antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, enveloped viruses, and protozoa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Survey of Knowledge of Antiseptic and Disinfectant Use and Effect of Intervention on Medical and Surgical Staff Nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Kanchan

Sangeeta

Balasaheb

2018

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: The study was carried out to find the knowledge and awareness of medical and surgical section nurses about the use of antiseptic and disinfectants and the immediate and late impact of an educational intervention like seminar and workshop in the knowledge of nurses.Method: This is a questionnaire-based pre-and post-test cross-sectional study. 200 nurses (100 working in medical wards and 100 working in surgical wards and operation theater) were selected using random number sampling method. First, a pretest was given. Then, an educational intervention in the form of seminar was carried out and posttest was given. One more test was carried out 1 month after posttest to check retention of knowledge by nurses. Result:In both medical and surgical pretest, most of the questions answered correctly were in below 25% response. While in posttest number of the questions answered correctly was increased and a maximum number of the questions solved correctly were between 50-75% and 75-100%. Individual response in the pretest both medical and surgical nurses showed that a maximum number of nurses have responses between 25-50% and 50-75% while response rate has increased in posttest where maximum number of responses were between 75% and 100%. Conclusion:Our study suggests that educational intervention has positive impact on the knowledge of nurses. There is a need to carry out such educational interventions periodically which will be helpful for better retention of knowledge by nurses.

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Disinfection and the prevention of infectious disease

Cited by 113 publications

References 141 publications

Reproduction numbers for infections with free-living pathogens growing in the environment

Reproduction numbers for infections with free-living pathogens growing in the environment

Controlling Hospital-Acquired Infection: Focus on the Role of the Environment and New Technologies for Decontamination

A Comparative Survey of Knowledge of Antiseptic and Disinfectant Use and Effect of Intervention on Medical and Surgical Staff Nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital

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