Disgust sensitivity and meat consumption: a test of an emotivist account of moral vegetarianism

Fessler, Daniel M. T.; Arguello, P. Alexander; Mekdara, Jeannette M; Macı́as, Ramón

doi:10.1016/s0195-6663(03)00037-0

Cited by 166 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Rothgerber (2014a) surveyed ''semi-vegetarians'' and vegetarians and found that ''semi-vegetarians'' see humans as being less similar to animals and express a lower level of expressed ''disgust'' towards meat than vegetarians do. By surveying 945 adults, Fessler et al (2003) found that ''moral vegetarianism conforms to traditional explanations of moral reasoning'' (p. 31).…”

Section: Knowledge and Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing meat consumption in developed and transition countries to counter climate change and biodiversity loss: a review of influence factors

2016

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A dietary shift towards reduced meat consumption is an efficient strategy for countering biodiversity loss and climate change in regions (developed and transition countries) where consumption is already at a very high level or is rapidly expanding (such as China). Biodiversity is being degraded and lost to a considerable extent, with 70 % of the world's deforestation a result of stripping in order to grow animal feed. Furthermore, about 14.5 % of the world's anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are calculated to be the result of (mainly industrial) livestock farming. The research reviewed here focuses on the feasibility of reducing meat consumption in developed and transition countries, as this would-among other positive effects-reduce the global loss of biodiversity, the need for unsustainable agricultural practices and GHG emissions. This article reviews the barriers, opportunities and steps that need to be taken in order to encourage the consumption of less meat, based on an interdisciplinary and multifactor approach. The evidence is gathered from a systematic metaanalysis of factors (including personal, sociocultural and external factors) that influence individual meat-eating behaviour. The most relevant factors that influence behaviour appear to be emotions and cognitive dissonance (between knowledge, conflicting values and actual behaviour) and sociocultural factors (e.g. social norms or social identity). For different factors and groups of people, different strategies are appropriate. For example, for men and older people deploying the health argument or arguing for flexitarianism (reduced meat consumption) may prove the most promising approaches, while providing emotional messages or promoting new social norms is recommended in order to address barriers such as cognitive dissonance.

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Section: Knowledge and Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing meat consumption in developed and transition countries to counter climate change and biodiversity loss: a review of influence factors

2016

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“…Personal health and animal cruelty figure high on this list (Hoek et al 2004, 266, Lea andWorsley 2001, 127), while disgust or repugnance with eating flesh (Kenyon and Barker 1998, Rozin et al 1997, Santos and Booth 1996, association with patriarchy (Adams 1990), food beliefs and peer or family influences (Lea and Worsley 2001, 128) are also noted. Health vegetarians choose to avoid meat in order to derive certain health benefits or lose weight (Key et al 2006, Kim and Houser 1999, Wilson et al 2004, while ethical vegetarians consider meat avoidance as a moral imperative not to harm animals for food or other reasons (Fessler et al 2003, 31, Whorton 1994.…”

Section: Studies Of Vegetarians Have Identified a Variety Of Non-relimentioning

confidence: 99%

Health, ethics and environment: A qualitative study of vegetarian motivations

2008

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This qualitative study explored the motivations of vegetarians by means of online ethnographic research with participants in an international message board. The researcher participated in discussions on the board, gathered responses to questions from 33 participants, and conducted follow-up e-mail interviews with eighteen of these participants. Respondents were predominantly from the US, Canada and the UK. Seventy per cent were female, and ages ranged from 14 to 53, with a median of 26 years. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. While this research found that health and the ethical treatment of animals were the main motivators for participants' vegetarianism, participants reported a range of commitments to environmental concerns, although in only one case was environmentalism a primary motivator for becoming a vegetarian. The data indicates that vegetarians may follow a trajectory, in which initial motivations are augmented over time by other reasons for sustaining or further restricting their diet.

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“…Exemplos como o vegetarianismo moral demonstram como alterações nos julgamentos morais podem ser provocadas por processos de deliberação e de reflexão (Sterelny 2012, p.141). O nojo e a repulsa que vegetarianos sentem por carne é uma consequência, não uma causa, de suas convicções morais (Fessler et al 2003). De forma semelhante, pessoas que consideram a homossexualidade repugnante podem tornar-se tolerantes em razão de processos de reflexão e, ao longo do tempo, modificar as suas intuições e sentimentos iniciais.…”

Section: Trolley Problems E Princípio Do Duplo Efeitounclassified

Gramática Moral Universal: controvérsias a respeito da analogia linguística

Rex

2017

Principia

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Abstract. The aim of this paper is to confront the main arguments employed by advocates of Universal Moral Grammar (UMG) with the results obtained in empirical studies from different fields of cognitive science and also with constructivist arguments proposed by Prinz and Sterelny, among others. From this analysis, I conclude that the Poverty of the Stimulus Argument is unconvincing when applied to the field of morality. The research with the trolley problems, often used to support the existence of UMG, is also insufficient to sustain the thesis that morality works similarly to language, especially when the existence of simpler explanations is considered. Furthermore, in spite of the universality of morality, the unlimited variation in moral norms across groups is a serious problem for any account relying on the principles and parameters model of the linguistic analogy.Keywords: Universal grammar; moral nativism; poverty of the stimulus; double effect; trolley problems; principles and parameters. IntroduçãoA versão mais conhecida e discutida de nativismo moral emprega a linguagem como um modelo para explicar a cognição moral. A partir dos trabalhos de Noam Chomsky, passou a ter grande aceitação na área da linguística a ideia de que o cérebro possui uma estrutura dedicada ao aprendizado da linguagem (language organ, innate language module, language faculty).1 Na visão de Chomsky, essa faculdade, presente antes de qualquer aprendizado, envolve o conhecimento de várias regras, restrições e princípios linguísticos, tornando possível o aprendizado da linguagem. Esse conhecimento constituiria um estado inicial, o qual, por meio da interação com as experiências linguísticas a que somos expostos durante a infância, resultaria na aquisição de um novo corpo de conhecimento linguístico, ou seja, na aquisição de uma língua específica -Chinês, Inglês, etc. A faculdade da linguagem poderia ser pensada como um cardápio de opções gramaticais básicas. Uma dessas opções seria, por exemplo, a ordem na qual sujeito, verbo e objeto são colocados em uma sentença. Na maioria das línguas humanas a ordem adotada é sujeito-verbo-objeto ou sujeito-objeto-verbo, quase nenhuma língua emprega a ordem objeto-sujeito-verbo. Esse cardápio também serviria como uma restrição, definindo quais linguagens somos capazes de aprender. A existência dessa restrição implica que o conjunto das línguas humanas naturalmente possíveis não coincide com o conjunto das línguas logicamente possíveis. Assim como não somos capazes de utilizar a ecolocalização, como Principia 20(2): 255-283 (2016).

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Disgust sensitivity and meat consumption: a test of an emotivist account of moral vegetarianism

Cited by 166 publications

References 54 publications

Reducing meat consumption in developed and transition countries to counter climate change and biodiversity loss: a review of influence factors

Reducing meat consumption in developed and transition countries to counter climate change and biodiversity loss: a review of influence factors

Health, ethics and environment: A qualitative study of vegetarian motivations

Gramática Moral Universal: controvérsias a respeito da analogia linguística

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