Disfluency changes in children as a function of the systematic modification of linguistic complexity

Influences of rate, length, and complexity on speech disfluency in a single-speech sample in preschool children who stutter

“…Utterance length and grammatical complexity have been shown to influence disfluency in both children who stutter (see Zackheim & Conture, 2003, for a review) and normally fluent children (Gordon & Luper, 1989;Haynes & Hood, 1978;McLaughlin & Cullinan, 1989;Yaruss, Newman, & Flora, 1999).…”

Speech disruptions in relation to language growth in children who stutter: An exploratory study

“…There is a rather large body of evidence that CWS as well as their typically fluent peers produce more disfluencies on longer/syntactically complex utterances than on shorter/simpler utterances (e.g., see Bernstein Ratner & Sih, 1987;Gaines, Runyan, & Meyers, 1991;Logan & Conture, 1997;Logan & LaSalle, 1999;Weiss & Zebrowski, 1992, for work on CWS; Gordon & Luper, 1989;Haynes & Hood, 1978;McLaughlin & Cullinan, 1989;Yaruss, Newman, & Flora, 1999, for work on typically fluent children).…”

Performance on phonological and grammatical awareness metalinguistic tasks by children who stutter and their fluent peers

“…Over the years, research in stuttering-language interactions has evolved in several different directions. A number of investigators have examined connections between dysfluency and language complexity (Bernstein, 1981;Gains, Runyan, & Meyers, 1991;Gordon, 1991;Gordon & Luper, 1989;Gordon, Luper, & Peterson, 1986;Haynes & Hood, 1978;Logan & Conture, 1995;Pearl & Bernthal, 1980;Ratner & Sih, 1987) and language task requirements (Gordon, 1991;Gordon & Luper, 1989;Gordon et al, 1986). Ultimately, the regularity with which stuttering varies in response to linguistic stimuli has provided evidence that stuttering is influenced by language processing demands (Ratner, 1997).…”