Disentangling the Role of Working Memory in Parkinson’s Disease

Salmi, Juha; Ritakallio, Liisa; Fellman, Daniel; Ellfolk, Ulla; Rinne, Juha O.; Laine, Matti

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.572037

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with a previous study [28] reporting that PD patients had lower memory scores but higher CDA (contralateral delay activity) amplitudes in memory load conditions with distractors, suggestive of unnecessary storage for task-irrelevant items [21]. Recent evidence also suggests that PD patients particularly had difficulty with selectively updating relevant information into memory, while their ability simply to hold information in working memory was comparable to that of the controls [30].…”

Section: Memory Deficits In Pd Due To Impaired Attentional Filteringsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Some studies suggested that PD patients may suffer from reduced storage capacity [28] even down to the level of half the memory capacity of neurologically normal subjects [29]. Other studies, however, suggested that PD patients may have intact storage capacity but impaired processing component of selectively updating relevant information into working memory [30,31]. As a result, PD patients may unnecessarily usurp capacity-limited working memory space with irrelevant information, leading to poor accuracy for the relevant target information [28,30].…”

Section: Working Memory Deficits In Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Memory Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease Are Associated with Impaired Attentional Filtering and Memory Consolidation Processes

Lee

2023

JCM

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The present study examined mechanisms underlying memory deficits in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their associations with brain structural metrics. Nineteen PD patients and twenty-two matched controls underwent two memory experiments. In Experiment 1 (delayed memory task), subjects were asked to remember an array of colored rectangles with varying memory set sizes (Low-Load (2 items), Low-Load (relevant 2 items) with Distractor (irrelevant 3 items), and High-Load (5 items)). After a 7 s delay period, they reported whether the orientation of any relevant figures had changed (test period). In Experiment 2 (working memory task), memory arrays were presented in varying set sizes (2 to 6 items) without distractors, followed by a 2 s delay period and a subsequent test period. Brain MRI data were acquired to assess structural differences (volumes and cortical thickness) in areas related to attention, working memory storage capacity, and episodic memory. Multivariate analyses of covariance revealed that, compared with controls, PD patients had lower memory capacity scores in all memory load conditions for Experiment 1 (p < 0.021), whereas there were no group differences in any memory load conditions for Experiment 2 (p > 0.06). In addition, PD patients had lower cortical thickness in the left superior temporal gyrus (p = 0.02), a region related to the ventral attentional system. Moreover, regression analyses revealed that lower cortical thickness values in the left superior temporal gyrus significantly predicted lower memory scores of Low-Load and Low-Load with Distractor conditions in Experiment 1 (p < 0.044) and lower scores of memory load conditions of 4 and 5 items in Experiment 2 (p < 0.012). These findings suggest that memory deficits in PD may partly be due to impaired attentional filtering and memory consolidation processes that may be related to superior temporal neurodegeneration. Future studies are warranted to confirm the current findings to guide the development of effective treatments for memory deficits in PD.

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Section: Memory Deficits In Pd Due To Impaired Attentional Filteringsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Working Memory Deficits In Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease Are Associated with Impaired Attentional Filtering and Memory Consolidation Processes

Lee

2023

JCM

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“…Accordingly, in the computational models, this mechanism alters gating not only of motor actions, but also cognitive ones, such as the entrance of cortical content into working memory. Empirical work confirms parallels in how motor actions and working memory content are gated, and that these are related to striatal DA mechanisms in PD (Salmi et al, 2020;Wiecki & Frank, 2010). Within a given corticostriatal circuit, DA depletion also induces hyperactivity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN).…”

Section: Does a Single Well-specified Neurobiological Mechanism Cause The Mental Health Problem? Would Repairing It Resolve The Problem?mentioning

confidence: 67%

Computational Psychiatry Needs Time and Context

Hitchcock¹,

Fried²,

Frank³

2021

Preprint

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Even the most ardent proponents of computational psychiatry admit that the field is far from influencing routine clinical practice. We propose one reason for this is that the field has had difficulty recognizing the variability among mental health problems—and the resulting need to model context and temporal dynamics for many problems. We develop three heuristics for estimating whether time and context are important to a mental health problem. Is it characterized by a core neurobiological mechanism? Does it follow a straightforward natural trajectory? And is intentional mental content peripheral to the problem? For many problems the answers are no, suggesting modeling time and context is critical. We review computational psychiatry advances toward this end, including modeling state variation, using domain-specific stimuli, and interpreting differences in context. We discuss complementary network and complex systems approaches. Novel methods and unification with adjacent fields may inspire a new generation of computational psychiatry

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“…Indeed, striatal dysfunctions such as in Parkinson’s disease causes not only progressive motor degeneration but also cognitive deficits that are both related to the dysfunction of the gating system [83]. More recent work also found that degraded ability to perform selective updating of WM is the key marker of the cognitive deficits in Parkinson’s [84].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogous computations in working memory input, output and motor gating: Electrophysiological and computational modeling evidence

Rac-Lubashevsky

Frank

2020

Preprint

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Adaptive cognitive-control is achieved through a hierarchical cortico-striatal gating system that supports selective updating, maintenance, and retrieval of useful cognitive and motor information. Here, we developed a novel task that independently manipulated selective gating operations of working-memory (input), from working-memory (output), and in response (motor) and tested the neural dynamics and computational principles that support them. Increases in gating demands, captured by gate switches, were expressed by distinct EEG correlates at each gating level that evolved dynamically in partially overlapping time windows. EEG decoding analysis further showed that neural indexes of working-memory (category) and motor (action) representations were prioritized particularly when the corresponding gate was switching. Finally, the control mechanisms involved in gate switches were quantified by the drift diffusion model, showing elevated motor decision threshold in all gating levels. Together these results support the notion that cognitive gating operations scaffold on top of mechanisms involved in motor gating.

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Disentangling the Role of Working Memory in Parkinson’s Disease

Cited by 8 publications

References 95 publications

Memory Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease Are Associated with Impaired Attentional Filtering and Memory Consolidation Processes

Memory Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease Are Associated with Impaired Attentional Filtering and Memory Consolidation Processes

Computational Psychiatry Needs Time and Context

Analogous computations in working memory input, output and motor gating: Electrophysiological and computational modeling evidence

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