Disentangling racial/ethnic and income disparities of food retail Environments: Impacts on adult obesity prevalence

Li, Yingru; Wang, Shuoyang; Cao, Guanqun; Li, Dapeng; Ng, Boon Peng

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102607

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated a consistent association between a greater presence of Black people in the neighborhood and a poorer community food environment, (13,14,17,18,19,20,21,22) in line with the results obtained in the present study. A scoping review conducted in 2023, including only studies carried out in the United States, concluded that 30% of the included studies associated one or more indicator of structural racism, such as gentri cation and racial residential segregation, with geographic access to food retailers, while 70% of studies documented disparities in access to food retailers according to the neighborhood racial/ethnic composition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…(13,14,15) Food environment serves as an interface between the food system and dietary practices, including the availability, affordability, convenience, and desirability of food. (16) Studies in the United States and Brazil have shown that the food environment in neighborhoods with predominantly Black residents is associated with a reduced number and variety of retail food stores, (13,17,18,19,20,21) an increased number of fast food restaurants, (14) and reduced availability of fruits and vegetables. (22) These factors can contribute to the worsening of food insecurity and health of the Black population and reinforce structural mechanisms of racism in urban dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The community food environment as an effect modifier of the relationship between racism and food insecurity among adults in Southern Brazil

de Vargas,

Dias,

Schuch

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background We analyzed the relationship between racism, community food environment, and food insecurity in adults of different socioeconomic status. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 400 adults aged 20–70 years residing in the central area of Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul state. Racism was measured by self-reported race/skin color and by using the Experiences of Discrimination scale (EOD). Food environment was assessed using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S) tool. Food insecurity was assessed using the short version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA for short, in Portuguese). Poisson regression with robust variance was employed for the multivariate analysis. Results The prevalence of food insecurity was higher in areas with a poorer food environment (areas 1 and 3; 56.6% and 58.8%, respectively). Racial discrimination was associated with food insecurity, where every 1-point increase in the discrimination score increased the likelihood of food insecurity by 7% (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.20). When stratifying the analyses by food environment, racial discrimination was associated with food insecurity only in areas with a poorer food environment (PR 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.10). Conclusions Experiences of racial discrimination were associated with a higher prevalence of food insecurity in the study population. The community food environment was an effect modifier of this relationship, highlighting the relevance of interventions in the food environment focused on areas with a greater presence of Black people as a way of combating racism and food insecurity.

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