Diseño de un modelo para mejorar la competitividad de la cadena de suministro del sector florícola ecuatoriano

Abstract

Ecuador's exports have been characterized by primary products (crude oil, bananas and plantains, coffee, shrimp, cocoa, abaca, wood, tuna, fish, natural flowers) and by industrialized products (oil derivatives, processed coffee, cocoa products), fishmeal, other seafood products, chemicals and drugs, metal manufactures, hats, textile manufactures). Ecuador's exports in the period 2017-2021 have been over 20 billion dollars, of which 80% correspond to primary products and 20% to industrialized products. Within primary products, the share of crude oil has been decreasing, going from 42% in 2017 to 34% in 2021, while the rest of primary products has gone from 58% in 2017 to 66% in 2021. These figures mean that Ecuador's specialization is purely agricultural.In this context, the present investigation entitled "Design of a model to improve the competitiveness of the Ecuadorian flower sector" aims to contribute to the Ecuadorian agricultural sector. For this purpose, the study contemplated the following investigations: a) Competitiveness of the Ecuadorian floriculture sector, for which the Balassa methodology was applied, which determined that Ecuador and Colombia have a strong comparative advantage compared to the exporting countries studied such as: The Netherlands, Kenya and Ethiopia. It is concluded that Ecuador must apply marketing strategies, such as market development, to achieve the positioning of its exports in the European Union, which is currently the main market for cut flowers in the world. Another strategy that Ecuador must apply is the related diversification that specifies that the production of cut flowers must be applied to other varieties such as chrysanthemums, carnations, flowers and buds, lilies and orchids, which are currently part of the world market.b) Comparative analysis of the supply chain models: ABC, BSC and SCOR, a review of the literature was applied, it was found that the SCOR model is a very powerful tool to structure, evaluate and compare the practices and performance of Supply Chain.The SCOR model proposes an integrated approach that is based on the conception of an interconnected structure that unites processes, includes performance metrics, best practices and technology with the aim of continuous improvement of the supply chain. c) Performance analysis of the supply chain of the Ecuadorian floriculture sector, by metrics, applying SCOR and AHP. For this study, the SCOR and AHP methodology was applied and as a result, the Return and Management processes register the lowest vii viii