Disenfranchised grief

Doka, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1080/02682629908657467

Cited by 210 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The novel insights this review identifies, with regards to the experiences of bereaved parents, include the importance of being with others who have experienced the death of a child, the importance of others respecting and supporting continued bonds with the deceased child, and the potential of having other children to be a protective factor. Furthermore, the findings are consistent with literature which describes the potential for social networks to be either facilitative or disenfranchising (Doka, 1999) and a barrier to growth. A notion described by the Social Constructionist Model of Grief which posits that an individual’s experiences of grief are nested within a social context and that depending on the concordance with the individuals grief, social support can become either helpful or a hindrance (Neimeyer, Klass, & Dennis, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

What aspects of post-traumatic growth are experienced by bereaved parents? A systematic review

Waugh

Kiemle

Slade

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: The death of a child of any age can be traumatic and can leave bereaved parents experiencing negative psychological outcomes. Recent research has shown the potential utility for understanding more about the development of post-traumatic growth following bereavement.Objective: This paper sought to identify the aspects of post-traumatic growth experienced by bereaved parents and the factors that may be involved in facilitating or preventing post-traumatic growth.Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles with a primary focus on positive personal growth in bereaved parents was conducted. Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria, and were analysed and synthesized according to common and divergent themes.Results: Bereaved parents were able to experience elements of growth proposed by the post-traumatic growth model (changes in self-perception, relationships, new possibilities, appreciation of life and existential views). The papers also indicated that (1) mothers appeared to experience more growth than fathers, (2) cultural variation may impact on some participants’ experience of growth, and (3) participants were able to identify growth only once some time had passed. Potential facilitators of post-traumatic growth involved making meaning, keeping ongoing bonds with the child, being with bereaved families, and family and personal characteristics. Social networks were identified as having the potential to be either a facilitator or a barrier to growth.Conclusions: In addition to experiencing grief, bereaved parents may experience aspects of post-traumatic growth, and a variety of factors have been identified as potential facilitators and barriers of these changes. The findings may have implications for support services (e.g. expert-by-experience services).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

What aspects of post-traumatic growth are experienced by bereaved parents? A systematic review

Waugh

Kiemle

Slade

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…the ‘perfect’ birth). The importance of person-centred care and the acknowledgement of the baby are consistent with previous literature (Doka, 1999). There has been debate around the guidance in relation to parents being offered to see their baby after death.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Understanding mothers’ experiences of positive changes after neonatal death

Waugh

Kiemle

Slade

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: The death of a neonatal baby has the potential for parents to experience many negative outcomes. Post traumatic growth describes positive personal change from the struggle with a traumatic event. This has not been explored in this context.Objective: This study sought to understand the experiences of mothers whose neonatal baby had died; in particular, whether mothers were able to experience any positive changes in their lives since the death of their baby. The study also sought to explore what factors may have facilitated or prevented these changes.Method: Ten mothers were recruited, whose baby had died in the neonatal period between two and 10 years previously. Mothers completed semi-structured, one-to-one interviews. Interview transcripts were analysed using Template Analysis.Results: Despite ongoing sadness, mothers recognized positive personal changes in their self-perception, relationships and life philosophy which were consistent with the post-traumatic growth model. Mothers also identified facilitators and barriers to these changes which were categorized into five themes: ‘Person-centred care’, ‘making sense’, ‘personal coping strategies’, ‘learning to live with it’ and ‘identity’.Conclusions: This study identified that the mothers made a conscious personal decision to cope with their experience. This is a unique finding which requires further exploration. Facilitators and barriers of growth both occurred as elements within the same five themes, indicating that all identified domains before and after the death have the potential to facilitate or to prevent personal growth. Importantly, these findings indicate that person-centred services, which are responsive to individual needs at all stages, are vital when providing maternity care in the context of loss.

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“…This increased communication may have had a ''normalizing'' effect on the subject and thereby contributed to a gradual reduction of the shame, taboo, and stigma that historically, culturally, and religiously have surrounded the subject, at least for the Swedish bereaved in the present study, the majority of whom are users of digital resources and living in a highly secular culture and society (World Values Survey, 2015). This reduction of shame may in turn have an impact on disenfranchised grief (Doka, 1989), in so far as grief after suicide may be more easily accepted and socially sanctioned.…”

Section: Do Digital Resources Have Any Impact On Suicide Bereaved Peomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stigma may lead to the grief not being accepted and socially sanctioned, and this can result in the bereaved individuals' withdrawal from their sociocultural context (Bell et al, 2012). Doka (1989) has termed this social reaction to the suicide stigma a disenfranchised grief. However, a systematic review of the literature on suicide bereavement among adolescents showed that grief and mourning after a suicide does not always have to be a more problematic issue than other forms of bereavement, at least not among younger people (Andriessen, Dudley, Draper, & Mitchell, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Usage of Digital Resources by Swedish Suicide Bereaved in Their Grief Work: A Survey Study

Westerlund

2018

Omega (Westport)

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This study examined Swedish suicide bereaved individuals' use of different resources in their grief work and how they value these resources. The material consisted of a web-based survey, which was analyzed with quantitative methods. The results showed that the psychosocial ill-health was severe among the suicide bereaved participants and that a majority used digital resources in their grief work. The propensity to engage in online support groups or memorial websites was not predicted by the severity of psychosocial consequences following the suicide. However, multiple regressions showed that higher online support group activity predicted more satisfaction with current psychosocial health, while memorial websites seemed to have the opposite effect. This study not only indicates that some digital resources, for example, online support groups, may be an effective way of coping with grief related to suicide loss, but also suggests that memorial websites may increase rumination and in this way cause emotional distress.

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Disenfranchised grief

Cited by 210 publications

References 4 publications

What aspects of post-traumatic growth are experienced by bereaved parents? A systematic review

What aspects of post-traumatic growth are experienced by bereaved parents? A systematic review

Understanding mothers’ experiences of positive changes after neonatal death

The Usage of Digital Resources by Swedish Suicide Bereaved in Their Grief Work: A Survey Study

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