Diseases of the Peritoneum

Irving, Julie; Clement, Philip B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0489-8_13

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 220 publications

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“…We acknowledge that retrograde menstruation with peritoneal seeding, first described by Sampson (), is the likely explanation for most cases of EM and is supported by several observations. Retrograde menstruation is considered physiological and can occur in up to 90% of women (Irving and Clement, ; Burney and Giudice, ). EM is more common in women with anatomical obstruction of menstrual flow and areas close to tubal ostia have a higher number of endometriotic lesions (Irving and Clement, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retrograde menstruation is considered physiological and can occur in up to 90% of women (Irving and Clement, ; Burney and Giudice, ). EM is more common in women with anatomical obstruction of menstrual flow and areas close to tubal ostia have a higher number of endometriotic lesions (Irving and Clement, ). From the peritoneal implants EM is thought to infiltrate underlying nerve structures per continuatem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hobbs and Bortnick () demonstrated on experimental animal models the possibility of lung EM after intravenous injection of EM cells. Widespread pelvic lymphatic and venous network would explain even retroperitoneal and distant cases (Irving and Clement, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Occurrence of EM in patients without endometrium can be explained by coelomic metaplasia (Irving and Clement, ) or transformation of Müllerian duct residues (Irving and Clement, ). It was theorized that origin of EM from Müllerian ducts is supported by increased frequency of EM in women, whom had been exposed to high estrogen levels in utero , as the theory explains that residual cells from Müllerian ducts are able to transform to endometriotic cells under the influence of estrogens (Burney and Giudice, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possible mechanism of EM is direct implantation of endometriotic cells during uterine operations (Irving and Clement, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural involvement in endometriosis: Review of anatomic distribution and mechanisms

et al. 2015

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Endometriosis (EM) is an infrequent cause of peripheral neuropathy, most commonly sciatic. Perineural spread has recently been introduced as an alternate explanation for cases of lumbosacral or sciatic nerve EM. We performed a literature review to collect all reported cases of peripheral and central nervous system EM in search of anatomic patterns of involvement; potentially to support the perineural spread theory. If available, intraneural invasion and presence of peritoneal EM were recorded. The search revealed 83 articles describing 365 cases of somatic peripheral nervous EM and 13 cases of central nervous EM. The most frequently involved site was the sacral plexus (57%, n = 211), followed by the sciatic nerve (39%, n = 140). Other nerves were reported in significantly smaller numbers. Ninety seven percent (97%, n = 355) of peripheral nerve cases presented with pain, 20% (n = 72) reported weakness and 31% (n = 114), numbness. Thirty four percent (34%, n = 38) had solely intraneural EM of which 89% (n = 33) had no peritoneal EM (percentage based on available information). In the central nervous system, the conus medullaris and/or cauda equina constituted the majority of cases with 54% (n = 7). Apart from perineural spread, other discussed mechanisms include retrograde menstruation with peritoneal seeding, hematogenous and lymphogenous spread, stem cell implantation either hematogenously or via retrograde menstruation with subsequent EM differentiation, and coelomic or Müllerian duct metaplasia. We believe this literature review supports perineural spread as an alternate mechanism for EM of nerve, particularly the subgroup with intraneural EM and without peritoneal disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possible mechanism of EM is direct implantation of endometriotic cells during uterine operations (Irving and Clement, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Neural involvement in endometriosis: Review of anatomic distribution and mechanisms

et al. 2015

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Lineage tracing suggests that ovarian endosalpingiosis does not result from escape of oviductal epithelium

Wang

Sessine

Zhai

et al. 2019

The Journal of Pathology

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Most high‐grade serous carcinomas are thought to arise from Fallopian tube epithelium (FTE), but some likely arise outside of the tube, perhaps from ectopic tubal‐type epithelium known as endosalpingiosis. Importantly, the origin of endosalpingiosis is poorly understood. The proximity of the tubal fimbriae to the ovaries has led to the proposal that disruptions in the ovarian surface that occur during ovulation may allow detached FTE to implant in the ovary and form tubal‐type glands and cysts. An alternative model suggests that cells present in ectopic locations outside the Müllerian tract retain the capacity for multi‐lineage differentiation and can form glands with tubal‐type epithelium. We used double transgenic Ovgp1‐iCreERT2;R26RLSL‐eYFP mice, which express an eYFP reporter protein in OVGP1‐positive tissues following transient tamoxifen (TAM) treatment, to track the fate of oviductal epithelial cells. Cohorts of adult mice were given TAM to activate eYFP expression in oviductal epithelium, and ovaries were examined at time points ranging from 2 days to 12 months post‐TAM. To test whether superovulation might increase acquisition of endosalpingiosis, additional cohorts of TAM‐treated mice underwent up to five cycles of superovulation and ovaries were examined at 1, 6, and 12 months post‐TAM. Ovaries were sectioned in their entirety to identify endosalpingiosis. Immunohistochemical staining for PAX8, tubulin, OVGP1, and eYFP was employed to study endosalpingiosis lesions. Ovarian endosalpingiosis was identified in 14.2% of TAM‐treated adult mice. The endosalpingiotic inclusion glands and cysts were lined by secretory and ciliated cells and expressed PAX8, tubulin, OVGP1, and eYFP. Neither age nor superovulation was associated with a significant increase in endosalpingiosis. Endosalpingiosis was also occasionally present in the ovaries of pre‐pubertal mice. The findings imply that ovarian endosalpingiosis in the mouse does not likely arise as a consequence of detachment and implantation of tubal epithelium and other mechanisms may be relevant. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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