Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Reef, Virginia B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-55445-9.00030-6

Cited by 9 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 222 publications

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“…The most reported signs include syncope, weakness, intolerance to exercise, jugular vein distension and pulsation, and subcutaneous edema. Cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac murmur could be recorded in addition to muffled heart sounds [3]. In cattle, traumatic pericarditis (TP) due to foreign body penetration through the reticulum is considered the main cause of CHF [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congestive heart failure in cattle; etiology, clinical, and ultrasonographic findings in 67 cases

2020

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Background and Aim: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a clinical disorder that results from cardiac dysfunction with subsequent fatal outcomes in most cases. Several diseases are incriminated in occurrence of CHF. Therefore, the aims of this study were to identify CHF etiology and associated clinical findings in 67 cows and to investigate the relationship between CHF and the other body organs using ultrasonographic examination. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven cows affected by CHF admitted to the clinic with a history of loss of appetite, decrease in milk production, constipation, and brisket edema were thoroughly investigated clinically and ultrasonographically. In addition, ten apparently healthy cows were used as a control group. Results: Clinically, cows with CHF manifested jugular engorgement and pulsation (88.1%), brisket and/or intermandibular edema (77.6%), and muffled heart sounds (76.1%). Based on the ultrasonographic examination, traumatic pericarditis (82.1%) was the most prevalent etiology of CHF. Extracardiac etiology of CHF identified were exudative pleurisy (10.4%) and mediastinal abscesses (7.5%). Hepatomegaly (88.1%) and pleural effusion (61.2%) were the most documented consequences. Conclusion: Both cardiac and extracardiac diseases could be associated with CHF in cattle. Ultrasonographic changes in liver and pleura secondary to CHF were the most common findings. Ultrasonography is a good tool for the diagnosis of cardiac and extracardiac etiologies of CHF in cattle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congestive heart failure in cattle; etiology, clinical, and ultrasonographic findings in 67 cases

2020

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“…Most frequently encountered CHD is represented by VSD, although complex CHD, such as tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels and double outlet right ventricle, are occasionally reported in this species [18,[20][21][22][23][24]. In cattle, a diagnosis of CHD is suspected when clinical signs such as respiratory distress, weakness and heart murmur are noted [5,11,20,25]. Additionally, a history of failure to thrive and/or respiratory disease unresponsive to appropriate therapy can be reported [25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early clinical signs of bovine bacterial endocarditis are not frequently observed, and the prognosis is reported to be guarded to poor [3,11]. A heart murmur secondary to valvular insufficiency can be auscultated in cows affected by endocarditis of the cardiac valves [2,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical signs of bacterial endocarditis in cattle are variable and frequently insidious because heart failure is only present in the advanced stages of the disease [11]. A heart murmur secondary to valvular insufficiency can be auscultated in cows affected by bacterial endocarditis [2,10], but similar findings can also be heard in cases of congenital and acquired heart defects (CHD) [2] or in apparently healthy cows [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mural Endocarditis and Embolic Pneumonia Due to Trueperella pyogenes in an Adult Cow with Ventricular Septal Defect

Caivano

Marchesi

Boni³

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Bacterial endocarditis represents one of the most frequently acquired cardiac diseases in adult cattle. Congenital heart diseases as a ventricular septal defect can facilitate bacterial endocarditis as a consequence of turbulent blood flow through the defect, causing damage to the endocardium. We describe a case of mural endocarditis associated with a ventricular septal defect in an eight-year-old female Holstein Friesian cow. The cow’s history revealed that she had presented dysorexia and a sudden decrease of milk production in the last 10 days prior to the examination. On clinical examination, jugular pulses, tachycardia with irregular heart rate and tachypnea with harsh bronchovesicular sounds were evident. Electrocardiographic examination allowed the diagnosis of an atrial fibrillation with high ventricular response rate. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large vegetation originating from the endocardium between the tricuspid and pulmonic valves in the right ventricle outflow. On post-mortem examination, a small muscular septal defect under the right coronary cusp of the aortic valve and a mural vegetative endocarditis were found. An abscess in the chondro-costal junction of the third right rib and metastatic pneumonia were also observed. This case report describes a rare consequence of a small ventricular septal defect that had not been previously diagnosed in an adult cow.

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“…The main presenting complaints in cases of TP are often vague and non-specific; relating to milk drop, anorexia, lethargy, and weight loss [4,10]. A review study demonstrated that in 60 animals diagnosed with fatal traumatic reticulitis (15 of which developed TP), the most common presenting sign was a sudden reduction in milk yield, which was observed in 68% of the cases.…”

Section: Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Current and Future Diagnostic and Prognostic Techniques for Traumatic Pericarditis in Cattle

Hall¹,

Barker²,

Best³

et al. 2022

Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology

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Pericarditis in cattle can be classified as traumatic pericarditis (TP), idiopathic haemorrhagic, secondary to neoplasia or septic pericarditis due to haematogenous spread of organisms, such as Colibacilli or Pasturella. In cattle, pericardial disease most commonly develops from traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP). Bovine cardiac disease often has a poor prognosis, and this is worsened when clinical manifestations of heart failure are present. Euthanasia is the treatment of choice in many cases, but for pregnant or high value animals, treatment of disease is often the preferred option and an early diagnosis can provide a better prognosis in these cases. This chapter looks at the anatomy, physiology and presentation of TP. In addition, a more in depth look at cardiac troponin is presented alongside present and future diagnostic and prognostic methods, in addition to treatment options surrounding this clinically important problem.

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Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Cited by 9 publications

References 222 publications

Congestive heart failure in cattle; etiology, clinical, and ultrasonographic findings in 67 cases

Congestive heart failure in cattle; etiology, clinical, and ultrasonographic findings in 67 cases

Mural Endocarditis and Embolic Pneumonia Due to Trueperella pyogenes in an Adult Cow with Ventricular Septal Defect

Evaluation of Current and Future Diagnostic and Prognostic Techniques for Traumatic Pericarditis in Cattle

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