Diseases of the Bones, Joints, and Connective Tissues

Coleman, Michelle; Whitfield-Cargile, Canaan; Chesen, Berkley; Williams, Jarred; Romano, Juan; Hardy, Joanne; MacKay, Evelyn; Washburn, Kevin E.; Sampson, Sarah N.; Loinaz, Ricardo; Reuss, Sarah M.; Chaffin, M. Keith; Jones, Meredyth L.; Watts, Ashlee E.; Swor, Tamara M.; Hartnack, Amanda K.; Tull, Travis M.; Norman, Tracy E.; Watkins, Jeffrey P.; Jordan, Will C.; Katzman, Scott A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-55445-9.00038-0

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 551 publications

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“…In addition, radiographic projections only detail the dermis, without differentiating between the lamellar and sublamellar portions [ 33 , 36 ], something which ultrasound through the wall has been able to do. However, digital radiography was implemented in the present study to assess the spatial normality between the distal phalanx and the hoof and to determine the normal configuration of the dermis and the normal anatomy of the distal phalanx [ 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 63 ], since, as an inclusion criterion, the hooves had to be unaltered. On the other hand, transmural ultrasound imaging produced results similar to those described when using MRI through the hoof wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lateral–medial projections were taken using a portable veterinary X-ray equipment, generator MINXRAY ® HFX90V (MinXray, Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA), with 1.2 mAs–66 kv settings. The location and normal anatomy of the distal phalanx were determined by measuring angles and other factors (radiological software AccuVet ® version 1.1.0 developed by RadmediX) with relevance to laminitis [ 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parietal dermis is divided into two layers: (1) the lamellar dermis-composed of primary and secondary dermal lamellae that are attached to the basement membrane-and (2) the sublamellar dermis-composed of sublamellar blood vessels and collagen fibers that connect to the foramina on the distal phalanx parietal surface, suspending it inside the hoof [13,14,27]. This information is relevant in laminitis cases, when the detection of changes in the developmental phase becomes more relevant [28,29] and limited evidence is available in this regard [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmural Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Horse Hoof Internal Structures: Comparative Qualitative Findings—Part 1

Castro-Mesa,

Resende Faleiros,

Martínez-Aranzales

2023

Animals

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Ultrasonography is commonly used to evaluate equine lameness-related structures, but traditional hoof approaches cannot adequately visualize internal structures such as the lamellar layer. To address this limitation, we used 62 healthy hooves without digital radiographic abnormalities, made up of thirty anatomical pieces (phase 1) and thirty-two hooves from living horses (phase 2). In both phases, half of the digits were submerged in water (group 1) and the other half in water and ice (group 2) for 24 h. Ultrasonographic views and temperature and humidity measurements were taken every two hours, and sagittal sections were obtained in phase 1. Good quality images were obtained in both phases. The transmural technique allowed the evaluation of several structures of the DEJ (tubular and lamellar strata of the hoof wall, sublamellar dermis, and solar and coronary papillae) and of the distal phalanx (extensor process, parietal surface, and apex). Our findings suggest that the transmural technique following hoof submersion can be useful for internal evaluation of hoof conditions, such as laminitis. However, further validation of the technique in natural or experimental cases is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transmural Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Horse Hoof Internal Structures: Comparative Qualitative Findings—Part 1

Castro-Mesa,

Resende Faleiros,

Martínez-Aranzales

2023

Animals

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“…Digital radiography has been used to describe the normal position of the distal phalanx [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and the layers of the hoof, but without differentiating the components of the parietal dermis [18,19]. However, advanced imaging diagnostic techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have made it possible to differentiate between the tubular wall and lamellar layer, as well as the lamellar layer and sublamellar dermis [14,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determining the anatomical relationship between the distal phalanx and the hoof capsule is diagnostically valuable, and radiographic evaluation is routinely used to estimate distances, angulations, and proportions to determine normality and deviations [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. However, ultrasonography has not traditionally been considered a routine diagnostic aid for this purpose [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmural Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Horse Hoof Internal Structures: Comparative Quantitative Findings—Part 2

Castro-Mesa,

Resende Faleiros,

Martínez-Aranzales

2023

Animals

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The transmural ultrasound allows for the definition of the normal appearance of the hoof tissues and internal structures. Determining such measurements and proportions could contribute to evaluations of the normal spatial distal phalanx–hoof relationship. The objective was to describe the hoof’s dermis and epidermis measurements using the transmural technique, in comparison with DR and anatomical sections. Sixty-two healthy hooves without digital radiographic abnormalities, made up of 30 anatomical pieces (phase 1) and 32 alive horse hooves (phase 2), and 16 sagittal sections of the first ones were used. The proximal and distal planes were compared, defining the following measurements: coronary band-extensor process, distal phalanx apex–hoof wall, sole dermis, middle stratum, parietal dermis, lamellar layer, the sublamellar dermis, and ratios between them. Most of the measurements were consistent among methods. Some showed measurement differences and a minority was impossible to determine. The transmural technique allowed for the observation and replication of measurements of the hoof structures, described with other diagnostic aids. It also allowed for the implementation of new measurements that would help to determine the spatial location of the distal phalanx. Additionally, it contributes to the visualization of normal findings, which will be useful to compare variations in the different phases of laminitis.

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Diseases of the Bones, Joints, and Connective Tissues

Cited by 2 publications

References 551 publications

Transmural Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Horse Hoof Internal Structures: Comparative Qualitative Findings—Part 1

Transmural Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Horse Hoof Internal Structures: Comparative Qualitative Findings—Part 1

Transmural Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Horse Hoof Internal Structures: Comparative Quantitative Findings—Part 2

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