Diseases of Echinodermata. Ill Agents metazoans (Annelida to Pisces)

Jangoux, Michel

doi:10.3354/dao003059

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The environments that these extinct parasite–host systems functioned in tend to match those of their modern counterparts. For example, living myzostomids that produce galls and cysts tend to infect bathyal zone echinoderms (Jangoux, ), comparable to the habitat of Early Jurassic crinoids found with myzostomid galls on their arms (Hess, ). Similarly, leaf fossils bearing the bite marks left by fungus‐infected ‘zombie ants’ were found from the Lake Messel system of the middle Eocene, analogous to the Thailand forests where modern ‘zombie ants’ are found (Hughes et al , ).…”

Section: Conceptual Synthesis and Approaches To The Study Of Fossil Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (4) Trace Fossils Of Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myzostomida are a group of highly derived parasitic polychaetes that live on the body of echinoderms, including crinoids, asteroids, and ophiuroids (Jangoux, 1987;Rouse, 2005). While most extant species live externally as ectocommensals on the arms of their hosts, a handful of lineages have independently evolved to be internal parasites that induce swellings and galls on their hosts (Jangoux, 1987;Eeckhaut, 1998;Lanterbecq et al, 2006;Summers & Rouse, 2014). Galls resembling those found on extant crinoids have been seen on the arms and columns of crinoids dating from the Jurassic (Hess, 2010;Wilson, Reinthal & Ausich, 2014), the Carboniferous (Meyer & Ausich, 1983), and as far back as the Ordovician (Warn, 1974) [however, note that Welch (1976) stated that the swelling described by Warn (1974) was not similar to those caused by extant myzostomids].…”

Section: (4) Trace Fossils Of Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radwańska & Radwański (2005) suggested that galls found on echinoid tests dating from the Jurassic were induced by parasitic copepods. There are many families of extant parasitic copepods that infect echinoderms (Boxshall, 1988;Boxshall & Ohtsuka, 2001) and some induce galls and swellings on their host (Pyefinch, 1940;Paterson, 1958;Jangoux, 1987;Boxshall, 1988;Ohtsuka, Kitazawa & Boxshall, 2010;Anton, Stevenson & Schwabe, 2013), including galls on the calyx of crinoids like those caused by myzostomids (Ohtsuka et al, 2010). Therefore, not all swellings and galls on crinoids can necessarily be attributed to myzostomids.…”

Section: (4) Trace Fossils Of Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fossils of parasites: what can the fossil record tell us about the evolution of parasitism?

Leung

2015

Biol Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parasites are common in many ecosystems, yet because of their nature, they do not fossilise readily and are very rare in the geological record. This makes it challenging to study the evolutionary transition that led to the evolution of parasitism in different taxa. Most studies on the evolution of parasites are based on phylogenies of extant species that were constructed based on morphological and molecular data, but they give us an incomplete picture and offer little information on many important details of parasite-host interactions. The lack of fossil parasites also means we know very little about the roles that parasites played in ecosystems of the past even though it is known that parasites have significant influences on many ecosystems. The goal of this review is to bring attention to known fossils of parasites and parasitism, and provide a conceptual framework for how research on fossil parasites can develop in the future. Despite their rarity, there are some fossil parasites which have been described from different geological eras. These fossils include the free-living stage of parasites, parasites which became fossilised with their hosts, parasite eggs and propagules in coprolites, and traces of pathology inflicted by parasites on the host's body. Judging from the fossil record, while there were some parasite-host relationships which no longer exist in the present day, many parasite taxa which are known from the fossil record seem to have remained relatively unchanged in their general morphology and their patterns of host association over tens or even hundreds of millions of years. It also appears that major evolutionary and ecological transitions throughout the history of life on Earth coincided with the appearance of certain parasite taxa, as the appearance of new host groups also provided new niches for potential parasites. As such, fossil parasites can provide additional data regarding the ecology of their extinct hosts, since many parasites have specific life cycles and transmission modes which reflect certain aspects of the host's ecology. The study of fossil parasites can be conducted using existing techniques in palaeontology and palaeoecology, and microscopic examination of potential material such as coprolites may uncover more fossil evidence of parasitism. However, I also urge caution when interpreting fossils as examples of parasites or parasitism-induced traces. I point out a number of cases where parasitism has been spuriously attributed to some fossil specimens which, upon re-examination, display traits which are just as (if not more) likely to be found in free-living taxa. The study of parasite fossils can provide a more complete picture of the ecosystems and evolution of life throughout Earth's history.

show abstract

Section: Conceptual Synthesis and Approaches To The Study Of Fossil Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (4) Trace Fossils Of Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (4) Trace Fossils Of Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (4) Trace Fossils Of Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fossils of parasites: what can the fossil record tell us about the evolution of parasitism?

Leung

2015

Biol Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite the fact that numerous associations between copepods and their echinoderm hosts have been reported (for review see Jangoux, 1987) these vary widely in type (e.g. ecto-or endoparasitic, cyst-forming, etc) and the exact natures of these associations and their impacts on the host species have seldom been investigated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rediscovery and first South African records of the parasitic copepod Cancerilla oblonga Bartsch, 1975 (Crustacea, Cancerillidae)

MacKinnon¹,

Landschoff²,

Griffiths³

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The parasitic copepod Cancerilla oblonga, previously know only from the single holotype female collected from Luderitz Bay, Namibia, is rediscovered in Cape Town, South Africa, where it parasitises the brittlestar Amphiura capensis. The first photographic and SEM images of this species are presented and prevalence rates estimated. Of 240 hosts examined, 25 (=10.42%) were infected, of these 7.53% carried a single copepod, 2.09% two copepods and 0.84% three copepods. This discovery is the first record of any siphonostomatoid copepod infecting an invertebrate host in South Africa.

show abstract

The epidemiological investigation of co‐infection of major respiratory bacteria with pseudorabies virus in intensive pig farms in China

Sun

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), a respiratory disease caused by a variety of factors, is one of the most common problems in the intensive pig farms. To investigate the mixed infection incidence of wild‐type pseudorabies virus (WT PRV) and respiratory bacteria, a total of 1,293 clinical samples were collected from pigs with typical respiratory signs from 14 different provinces of China from September 2016 to February 2018. The WT PRV was detected by ELISA targeting gE antibody while the bacteria were detected by bacterial isolation and serotyping by PCR. The results revealed that the detection rate of A. pleuropneumoniae and B. bronchiseptica infection associated with WT PRV infection were 6.30% and 15.99%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those without WT PRV infection (3.41% and 4.41%) at the farm level (p < .05). There were no significant differences in the detection rate of H. parasuis, S. suis or P. multocida between WT PRV positive and negative farms (p > .05). However, the detection rate of attenuated H. parasuis and S. suis strains were 68.19% and 64.75%, respectively, in WT PRV infected farms, which were significantly higher than those (41.56% and 52.25%) in WT PRV free farms (p < .05). The prevalent serotypes of H. parasuis‐5/12 and S. suis‐2 were also investigated by multiplex PCR. These results indicated that the presence of WT PRV increased the chance of bacterial infection and the number of pathogenic strains in the respiratory system of pigs. Therefore, the eradication of pseudorabies is an effective approach to prevent and control the bacterial respiratory diseases in the intensive pig farms in China.

show abstract

Diseases of Echinodermata. Ill Agents metazoans (Annelida to Pisces)

Cited by 43 publications

References 40 publications

Fossils of parasites: what can the fossil record tell us about the evolution of parasitism?

Fossils of parasites: what can the fossil record tell us about the evolution of parasitism?

Rediscovery and first South African records of the parasitic copepod Cancerilla oblonga Bartsch, 1975 (Crustacea, Cancerillidae)

The epidemiological investigation of co‐infection of major respiratory bacteria with pseudorabies virus in intensive pig farms in China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About