Diseases in tropical and plantation crops as affected by climate changes: current knowledge and perspectives

Abstract

Tropical and plantation crops include important crops for food security and alternative energy resources. Even so, there are few studies on the impact of climate change on diseases of these crops. Findings from previous studies concerning some climate-change effects on diseases of coffee, sugarcane, eucalyptus, cassava, citrus, banana, pineapple, cashew, coconut and papaya have been summarized to provide a context. By reviewing available methods to evaluate the impact of climate change on diseases of tropical and plantation crops, we present trends for some diseases and their management strategies, identify critical gaps in knowledge, and suggest experimental and analytical approaches to advance knowledge. As the projected climate conditions will probably vary greatly in the future from continent to continent and from developed to developing countries, studies must be conducted under tropical regions considering their specific environmental conditions. Multifactor studies under realistic field situations, such as free air CO 2 enrichment with increasing CO 2 and O 3 concentrations incorporating spectral reflectance measures in situ for realistic assessment of plant growth, are a way forward. Effects of a changing climate on chemical and biological controls are discussed in the context of changing global outlook on environmental demands for the future.

Wireless sensing modules for rural monitoring and precision agriculture applications

“…The wireless sensor network (WSN) has been applied in many applications such as military (Atzori, Iera, & Morabito, 2010;Shelby and Bormann, 2009), healthcare (Alemdar & Ersoy, 2010;Holleman, Yeager, Prasad, Smith, & Otis, 2008), agriculture (Coates, Delwiche, Broad, & Holler, 2013;Xiaohong & Guodong, 2012), and environment (Ghini, Bettiol & Hamada, 2011;Romer & Mattern, 2004;Xufeng , Xiong, Hu, Xie, & Zhou, 2013). With the rapid growth of WSN in the recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted lot of researchers from both academic and industrial institutions (Atzori et al, 2010;Shelby & Bormann, 2009).…”

“…With the rapid growth of WSN in the recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted lot of researchers from both academic and industrial institutions (Atzori et al, 2010;Shelby & Bormann, 2009). In real-world applications, WSN is capable of working in a wide space for data collection to host centre and then decision support according to the change of environmental factors (Ghini et al, 2011;Romer & Mattern, 2004;Xufeng et al, 2013). WSN composes of many wireless devices (sensing nodes), with compact sensor and low energy consumption, communicate through the wireless connection.…”

Effect of Temperature on Rice Blast Infection Process with Emphasis on Appressoria Formation by Magnaporthe oryzae

“…Change in climatic condition may lead to change in incidence and severity of disease by change in host pathogen interaction (Chakraborty, 2005;Burdon et al, 2006;Eastburn et al, 2011). Optimal temperature conditions for surviving of present species is available in tropical regions while pathogens surviving in cooler climates of higher latitudes required lower temperature; therefore, global warming is expected to their fitness enhance and the rise in epidemics risk of the disease with which they are associated (Ghini et al, 2011). Dynamics of appressoria and spore germination is unknown for the M. oryzae under temperature influence that help in understanding the infection process of rice blast and development of new management strategies.…”

Robust cropping systems to tackle pests under climate change. A review

“…macroprograma1.cnptia.embrapa.br/climapest/englishversion). For example, experiments showed that in an environment with higher CO 2 level, some rust-caused diseases seemed to increase while others decreased in severity (Ghini et al 2011). …”