Diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes

Batuman, Özgur; Ritenour, Mark A.; Vicent, Antonio; Li, Hongye; Hyun, Jae-Wook; Catara, Vittoria; Ma, Hongshen; Cano, Liliana

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812163-4.00017-6

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The distinct symptomatology of the disease, characterized by desiccation of twigs, branches, or the whole plant, suggested its extant name “mal secco” meaning “dry disease” [ 9 , 10 ], a denomination ever since adopted internationally [ 5 ]. The first symptoms of the disease usually appear in spring on the leaves of the uppermost shoots, which display a slight discoloration of the primary and the secondary veins [ 11 , 12 ]. The leaves then turn yellow or sometimes brown and fall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing of Rough Lemon Leaves (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) in Response to Plenodomus tracheiphilus Infection

Russo

Sicilia

Caruso

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Mal secco is one of the most severe diseases of citrus, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus. With the main aim of identifying candidate genes involved in the response of citrus plants to “Mal secco”, we performed a de novo transcriptome analysis of rough lemon seedlings subjected to inoculation of P. tracheiphilus. The analysis of differential expressed genes (DEGs) highlighted a sharp response triggered by the pathogen as a total of 4986 significant DEGs (2865 genes up-regulated and 2121 down-regulated) have been revealed. The analysis of the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways indicated that a crucial role is played by genes involved in “Plant hormone signal transduction”, “Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, and “Carbon metabolism”. The main findings of this work are that under fungus challenge, the rough lemon genes involved both in the light harvesting and the photosynthetic electron flow were significantly down-regulated, thus probably inducing a shortage of energy for cellular functions. Moreover, the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) was activated through the induced salicylic acid cascade. Interestingly, RPM1 interacting protein 4, an essential positive regulator of plant defense, and BIR2, which is a negative regulator of basal level of immunity, have been identified thus representing useful targets for molecular breeding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing of Rough Lemon Leaves (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) in Response to Plenodomus tracheiphilus Infection

Russo

Sicilia

Caruso

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Symptoms under field conditions are particular severe in some mandarins and grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.) [10], while artificial inoculum may cause symptoms in additional accessions such as sweet orange [11,12]. Economically important mandarin cultivars, such as 'Emperor', 'Fortune', 'Nova' and 'Murcott', are susceptible to ABS [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Resistant Citrus Breeding Using Newly Developed High Resolution Melting and CAPS Protocols for Alternaria Brown Spot Marker Assisted Selection

et al. 2020

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Alternaria alternata is a fungus that causes a serious disease in susceptible genotypes of citrus, particularly in mandarins. The Alternaria citri toxin (ACT) produced by the pathogen induces necrotic lesions on young leaves and fruits, defoliation and fruit drop. Here, we describe two methods of marker-assisted selection (MAS) that could be used for the early identification of Alternaria brown spot (ABS)-resistant mandarin hybrids. The first method is based on a nested PCR coupled to high resolution melting (HRM) analysis at the SNP08 locus, which is located at 0.4 cM from the ABS resistance locus, and was previously indicated as the most suitable for the selection of ABS-resistant hybrids. The method was validated on 41 mandarin hybrids of the CREA germplasm collection, and on 862 progenies generated from five crosses involving different susceptible parents. Four out of five populations showed Mendelian segregation at the analyzed locus, while a population involving Murcott tangor as male parent showed distorted segregation toward the susceptible hybrids. The second method is based on a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) marker that was developed using the same primers as the nested PCR at the SNP08 locus, coupled with BccI restriction enzyme digestion. To verify the reliability of the two genotyping methods, in vitro leaf phenotyping was carried out by inoculating A. alternata spores onto young leaves of 101 hybrids, randomly chosen among the susceptible and resistant progenies. The phenotyping confirmed the SNP08 genotyping results, so the proposed method of selection based on HRM or CAPS genotyping could be routinely used as an alternative to KBioscience competitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASPar) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping system to improve citrus breeding programs. While the study confirmed that the SNP08 marker is a reliable tool for MAS of new citrus hybrids with different genetic backgrounds, it also identified a small group of genotypes where the resistance mechanism requires further investigation.

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“…Root infections are also possible, leading to a more rapid decline of the plant. In the infected branch tissues, it is possible to observe a yellow or salmon-pink color on the xylem, typical of the presence of the pathogen (Batuman et al 2020;Nigro et al 2011). Curative treatments are not effective in controlling the disease (Catara and Catara 2019), and treatments based on copper are used to prevent it.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Evaluation of a Lemon Hybrid Population to Identify Sources of Resistance to Plenodomus tracheiphilus

Arlotta,

Cortese,

Ciacciulli

et al. 2024

horts

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Mal secco, caused by the fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus, is a xylem disease that is a limiting factor for lemon production in the Mediterranean. Resistance or field tolerance are major goals for lemon breeders; however, there is scant information regarding the heritability of mal secco resistance in breeding populations. As with other vascular diseases, phenotyping is the bottleneck for ascertaining resistance and susceptibility, and a validated protocol for greenhouse phenotyping would be valuable to accelerate the selection of tolerant trees before field evaluation. We report phenotyping of 148 hybrids of Khasi papeda (Citrus latipes; tolerant to mal secco) × lemon (susceptible to the disease) in field and greenhouse conditions. Field evaluation was performed on all hybrids for 2 to 3 consecutive years on trees subjected to high natural-pathogen pressure. Detection of the fungal infection was performed by visual observation and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The first infections occurred ≈6 months after planting, but 2 years of observations were needed for a reliable estimation of susceptibility. The spread of the disease did not occur uniformly throughout the plot, with patterns of spread within rows, probably resulting from infections from plant to plant. The possible errors in the estimation of susceptibility as a result of the uneven distribution of infections in the plot were reduced by using more than one replicate tree per hybrid. The correlation between phenotyping scores and cycle threshold values was weak (r = –0.48, P < 0.001). Three years after planting, hybrids clustered into three groups—susceptible, tolerant, and intermediate—based on symptom progression. A subset of 65 self-rooted hybrids was also subjected to stem inoculation in an unheated greenhouse, with two to seven biological replicates per hybrid. Three months after inoculation, the samples were monitored for symptoms appearance and subjected to real-time PCR pathogen quantification. We observed a weak (r = 0.41) but significant (P < 0.001) correlation between phenotypes in the field and the greenhouse, indicating that, in our conditions, field evaluation remains the best method for phenotyping. However, artificial inoculations might help to discard the highly susceptible hybrids before field evaluation.

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Diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes

Cited by 9 publications

References 97 publications

De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing of Rough Lemon Leaves (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) in Response to Plenodomus tracheiphilus Infection

De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing of Rough Lemon Leaves (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) in Response to Plenodomus tracheiphilus Infection

Disease Resistant Citrus Breeding Using Newly Developed High Resolution Melting and CAPS Protocols for Alternaria Brown Spot Marker Assisted Selection

Phenotypic Evaluation of a Lemon Hybrid Population to Identify Sources of Resistance to Plenodomus tracheiphilus

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