Diseased fish in the freshwater trade: from retailers to private aquarists

Maceda‐Veiga, Alberto; Cable, Joanne

doi:10.3354/dao03310

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Gyrodactylus spp. are of major welfare concern in both the ornamental and aquaculture trade (Bakke et al, 2007;Maceda-Veiga and Cable, 2019), particularly because there are no effective en masse treatments. This increased metabolic demand, even if hosts survive, will impact health, reducing physical condition and potentially, fecundity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of a deprived environment – increased intraspecific aggression and susceptibility to pathogen infections

Masud

Ellison

Pope

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Biology

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A lack of environmental enrichment can be severely detrimental to animal welfare. For terrestrial species, including humans, barren environments are associated with reduced cognitive function and increased stress responses and pathology. Despite a clear link between increased stress and reduced immune function, uncertainty remains on how enrichment might influence susceptibility to disease. For aquatic vertebrates, we are only now beginning to assess enrichment needs. Enrichment deprivation in fish has been linked to increased stress responses, agonistic behaviour, physiological changes and reduced survival. Limited data exist, however, on the impact of enrichment on disease resistance in fish, despite infectious diseases being a major challenge for global aquaculture. Here, using a model vertebrate host-parasite system we investigated the impact of enrichment deprivation on susceptibility to disease, behaviour and physiology. Fish in barren tanks showed significantly higher infection burdens compared to those in enriched enclosures and they also displayed increased intraspecific aggression behaviour. Infections caused hosts to have significantly increased Standard Metabolic Rates compared to uninfected conspecifics, but this did not differ between enriched and barren tanks. This study highlights the universal physiological cost of parasite infection and the biological cost (increased susceptibility to infection and increased aggression) of depriving captive animals of environmental enrichment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of a deprived environment – increased intraspecific aggression and susceptibility to pathogen infections

Masud

Ellison

Pope

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Importantly, human activity, migrations and climate change may increase the hybridization and prompt adaptation of many species. This could be the case of gyrodactylids which are commonly kept in aquaria and farm populations around the world (Trujillo-González et al ., 2018; Maceda-Veiga and Cable, 2019; Paladini et al ., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission dynamics of ectoparasitic gyrodactylids (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea): An integrative review

2022

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Parasite transmission is the ability of pathogens to move between hosts. As a key component of the interaction between hosts and parasites, it has crucial implications for the fitness of both. Here, we review the transmission dynamics of Gyrodactylus species, which are monogenean ectoparasites of teleost fishes and a prominent model for studies of parasite transmission. Particularly, we focus on the most studied host–parasite system within this genus: guppies, Poecilia reticulata, and G. turnbulli/G. bullatarudis. Through an integrative literature examination, we identify the main variables affecting Gyrodactylus spread between hosts, and the potential factors that enhance their transmission. Previous research indicates that Gyrodactylids spread when their current conditions are unsuitable. Transmission depends on abiotic factors like temperature, and biotic variables such as gyrodactylid biology, host heterogeneity, and their interaction. Variation in the degree of social contact between hosts and sexes might also result in distinct dynamics. Our review highlights a lack of mathematical models that could help predict the dynamics of gyrodactylids, and there is also a bias to study only a few species. Future research may usefully focus on how gyrodactylid reproductive traits and host heterogeneity promote transmission and should incorporate the feedbacks between host behaviour and parasite transmission.

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“…This could be the case for G. turnbulli . Guppies are commonly kept in aquaria, and G. turnbulli are regularly reported in aquarium populations (Maceda‐Veiga & Cable, 2019) from where they can potentially be released to nature. Alternatively, hybrids might have appeared naturally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion of frozen hybrids in the guppy ectoparasite,Gyrodactylus turnbulli

et al. 2021

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Hybridization is one of the major factors contributing to the emergence of highly successful parasites. Hybrid vigour can play an important role in this process, but subsequent rounds of recombination in the hybrid population may dilute its effects. Increased fitness of hybrids can, however, be frozen by asexual reproduction. Here, we identify invasion of a ‘frozen hybrid’ genotype in natural populations of Gyrodactylus turnbulli, a facultatively sexual ectoparasitic flatworm that causes significant damage to its fish host. We resequenced genomes of these parasites infecting guppies from six Trinidad and Tobago populations, and found surprisingly high discrepancy in genome‐wide nucleotide diversity between islands. The elevated heterozygosity on Tobago is maintained by predominantly clonal reproduction of hybrids formed from two diverged genomes. Hybridization has been followed by spread of the hybrids across the island, implying a selective advantage compared with native genotypes. Our results thus highlight that a single outcrossing event may be independently sufficient to cause pathogen expansion.

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Diseased fish in the freshwater trade: from retailers to private aquarists

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Cost of a deprived environment – increased intraspecific aggression and susceptibility to pathogen infections

Cost of a deprived environment – increased intraspecific aggression and susceptibility to pathogen infections

Transmission dynamics of ectoparasitic gyrodactylids (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea): An integrative review

Expansion of frozen hybrids in the guppy ectoparasite,Gyrodactylus turnbulli

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