Disease Transmission at the Interface between Wild and Domestic Suiform Species in the Old and New Worlds

FaecalEscherichia colias biological indicator of spatial interaction between domestic pigs and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Corsica

“…The E. coli method offers the possibility of using fresh faecal samples, which allows for identifying and characterizing locations prone to potential pathogen exchange between wild and domestic pigs without having to sample hunted or immobilized animals. Further studies should be applied to assess the potential of this non‐invasive method in other epidemiological settings and with different pig‐like species (Jori, Payne et al., ; Kukielka et al., ).…”

“…Wild boar and domestic pigs belong to the same species ( Sus scrofa ) and are known to interact when they meet in the open landscape. Such interactions have been observed on different continents (Jori, Payne et al., ; Meng, Lindsay, & Sriranganathan, ) and are known to be responsible for the maintenance and dissemination of several important pig pathogens, including bacteria (Richomme et al., ), viruses (Albina et al., ; Ruiz‐Fons, Segalés, & Gortázar, ) and parasites (Richomme, Lacour et al., ). Transmission of pathogens between both pig populations might occur via physical contact (e.g., breeding, fighting) or indirectly by sharing the same contaminated habitat.…”

Wild and Domestic Pig Interactions at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface of Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda, and the Potential Association with African Swine Fever Outbreaks

“…This study provides unique, valuable information on the interactions between African WP (both WH and BP) and DP at the interface of an unfenced protected area in northern Uganda. To date, information about potential diseases other than ASF carried by wild African pigs is very scarce ( 8 , 9 ) as these species have seldom been investigated from a veterinary perspective. Both WP species have been reported to become occasionally infected by bovine tuberculosis, trichinellosis, or foot-and-mouth disease ( 8 , 9 ); moreover, BPs have also been found to become carriers of porcine parvovirus ( 48 ).…”

“…To date, information about potential diseases other than ASF carried by wild African pigs is very scarce ( 8 , 9 ) as these species have seldom been investigated from a veterinary perspective. Both WP species have been reported to become occasionally infected by bovine tuberculosis, trichinellosis, or foot-and-mouth disease ( 8 , 9 ); moreover, BPs have also been found to become carriers of porcine parvovirus ( 48 ). Therefore, there are potential risks for transmission of these and other infectious pathogens from and to DPs through direct or indirect interactions.…”

“…Interactions between wildlife and livestock have been assessed in different settings through different methodologies, such as telemetry ( 24 , 25 ), camera traps ( 26 ), the use of potential biomarkers ( 27 ), or the collection of local knowledge through interviews. The later method has been used in different settings in Africa and developed countries ( 10 , 28 – 30 ) and is considered a practical, fast, and adequate approach to gather preliminary information on interactions between wild and domestic animals ( 8 , 9 ).…”