Disease Outbreaks: Critical Biological Factors and Control Strategies

Kawashima, Kent; Matsumoto, T.; Akashi, Hiroshi

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39812-9_10

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The populations of some states may be more vulnerable to the coronavirus than other states. For instance, urban populations can be particularly vulnerable to pandemics (Kawashima, Matsumoto, and Akashi, 2016), as the virus is more likely to spread when people are in close physical proximity and there are more potentially infected people to spread it. Evidence suggests older people are much more vulnerable to serious illness and even death, while more unhealthy populations in general are more vulnerable to disease (Bialek et al, 2020).…”

Section: Consequentlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Following Doctors’ Advice: Explaining the Issuance of Stay-at-Home Orders Related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by U.S. Governors

Murray¹,

Murray²

2020

Preprint

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Public health experts widely and strongly advocate for aggressive social distancing to slow the spread of serious infectious diseases. While government mandates to social distance protect public health, they can also impose substantial social and economic costs on those subject to them. As a result, government leaders may be reluctant to issue such mandates. The objective of this study is to identify political, social, economic, and scientific factors that influence governors of U.S. states to issue stay-at-home orders (SAHOs) or not to slow the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It uses event history analysis to investigate the issuance of COVID-19-related gubernatorial SAHOs in the 50 U.S. states from March 1, 2020, the day after the first reported COVID-19-related death in the U.S., to April 10, 2020, several days after the last SAHO was issued. During this 41-day period, 42 of the 50 governors issued such orders affecting more than 90 percent of the country’s residents. The results indicate that scientific factors alone did not inform governors’ decisions. While public health factors related to the spread of the disease informed these decisions, political factors related to the partisanship of the governor and economic factors related to the health of the economy also informed them. The results also provide mixed support for scientific factors related to state healthcare capacity and external factors related to geographic diffusion.

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Section: Consequentlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Following Doctors’ Advice: Explaining the Issuance of Stay-at-Home Orders Related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by U.S. Governors

Murray¹,

Murray²

2020

Preprint

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“…The first reflects population vulnerability based on living arrangements (H2a). Urban populations can be especially vulnerable to pandemics (Kawashima et al, 2016) due to residents' close living conditions and large numbers of people. Its effect is captured in the percentage of a country's population that lives in urbanized areas as reported by the UN.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, living arrangements can be important. Urban populations can be especially vulnerable to pandemics (Kawashima et al, 2016), as a virus is more likely to spread when large concentrations of people live and work in close physical proximity to each other. As a result, governments with more vulnerable populations may be more likely to take aggressive steps to intervene against the disease.…”

Section: Literature and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying factors associated with the issuance of coronavirus‐related stay‐at‐home orders in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Murray

Jilani-Hyler

2021

World Med & Health Policy

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The COVID‐19 pandemic has not spared the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region. MENA is one of the most politically, socially, and economically heterogeneous regions in the world, a characteristic reflected in its governments' responses to COVID‐19. About two‐thirds of these governments issued coronavirus‐related stay‐at‐home orders (SAHOs), one of the most effective tools public health officials have for slowing the spread of infectious diseases. While SAHOs are very effective in terms of countering infectious diseases, they are extremely disruptive in nonhealth domains. The objective of this study is to identify reliable factors related to health care policy making that shaped the decisions of MENA governments to issue a SAHO or not in response to COVID‐19. The results identify specific political, social, and medical factors that played important roles and provide a look at early government responses to a global health crisis in a heterogeneous region of the world.

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“…In terms of policy regarding infectious diseases, large numbers of people living and working in close proximity to one another have a greater likelihood of physical contact with disease carriers and, therefore, of spreading such diseases. This suggests urban populations are especially vulnerable to the spread of infectious diseases [62]. It is likely, then, that the populations of some countries are more vulnerable than the populations of other countries.…”

Section: Internal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing public health? Factors affecting the issuance of stay-at-home orders in response to COVID-19 in Africa

Murray

Rutland

2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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COVID-19 has sickened and killed millions of people globally. Conventional non-pharmaceutical interventions, particularly stay-at-home orders (SAHOs), though effective for limiting the spread of disease have significantly disrupted social and economic systems. The effects also have been dramatic in Africa, where many states are already vulnerable due to their developmental status. This study is designed to test hypotheses derived from the public health policymaking literature regarding the roles played by medical and political factors as well as social, economic, and external factors in African countries’ issuance of SAHOs in response to the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using event history analysis, this study analyzed these five common factors related to public health policy to determine their impact on African states’ varying decisions regarding the issuance of SAHOs. The results of this analysis suggest that medical factors significantly influenced decisions as did factors external to the states, while the role of political factors was limited. Social and economic factors played no discernible role. Overall, this study suggests how African leaders prioritized competing factors in the early stages of a public health crisis.

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Disease Outbreaks: Critical Biological Factors and Control Strategies

Cited by 7 publications

References 95 publications

Following Doctors’ Advice: Explaining the Issuance of Stay-at-Home Orders Related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by U.S. Governors

Following Doctors’ Advice: Explaining the Issuance of Stay-at-Home Orders Related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by U.S. Governors

Identifying factors associated with the issuance of coronavirus‐related stay‐at‐home orders in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Prioritizing public health? Factors affecting the issuance of stay-at-home orders in response to COVID-19 in Africa

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