Disease Emergence in Birds: Challenges for the Twenty-First Century

Friend, Milton; McLean, Robert G.; Dein, F. Joshua

doi:10.1093/auk/118.2.290

Cited by 75 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Avian cholera in anatidae spread across United States and Canada since the seventies [10]. It has also struck several wild bird populations in marine environment of North America, Europe, Africa and even Antarctica [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a very small number of studies support this assertion [9]. Quantifications of the effects of diseases on wildlife populations are essentially at gross scale and related to changes in population numbers [10]. Even there, attributing low numbers of animal hosts to the existence of a new pathogen is problematic because this means i) to know the size of the host population before and after the epidemics and ii) to be certain that these changes are due to the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, disease outbreaks may affect a host population in a compensatory way [11]. For example, large die-offs due to infectious diseases have been observed in North American birds 10,12 but these die-offs usually occur on the wintering grounds. Most of the birds dying from the disease may be those already in poor condition which would have not survived migration or bred successfully in the subsequent season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Avian cholera is a naturally-occurring bacterial disease ( Pasteurella multocida ), reported from >150 species of wild birds, that can kill tens of thousands of birds in a single event [10], [12]. This disease currently stands out as a major problem because of the magnitude of losses it causes (usually in the wintering grounds), broad spectrum of species affected, annual frequency of epizootics, and its continually increasing geographic area of occurrence [10], [12]. Indeed, avian cholera has become widespread throughout North America [14], since the first known epizootic among North American wild ducks in 1943–44 [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian Cholera, a Threat to the Viability of an Arctic Seabird Colony?

et al. 2012

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Evidence that infectious diseases cause wildlife population extirpation or extinction remains anecdotal and it is unclear whether the impacts of a pathogen at the individual level can scale up to population level so drastically. Here, we quantify the response of a Common eider colony to emerging epidemics of avian cholera, one of the most important infectious diseases affecting wild waterfowl. We show that avian cholera has the potential to drive colony extinction, even over a very short period. Extinction depends on disease severity (the impact of the disease on adult female survival) and disease frequency (the number of annual epidemics per decade). In case of epidemics of high severity (i.e., causing >30% mortality of breeding females), more than one outbreak per decade will be unsustainable for the colony and will likely lead to extinction within the next century; more than four outbreaks per decade will drive extinction to within 20 years. Such severity and frequency of avian cholera are already observed, and avian cholera might thus represent a significant threat to viability of breeding populations. However, this will depend on the mechanisms underlying avian cholera transmission, maintenance, and spread, which are currently only poorly known.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian Cholera, a Threat to the Viability of an Arctic Seabird Colony?

et al. 2012

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“…Human-mediated environmental changes are often the root cause of disease emergence [5] and may have particularly dire consequences in island ecosystems. In Hawaii, for example, the introduction of non-native songbirds and the mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus has led to the emergence of avian malaria and avian poxvirus in endemic honeycreepers (Drepanididae), contributing to dramatic declines and contracting range limits of several species [6]–[9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Change in a Parasite-Impoverished Environment: Divergent Signals from Four Island Taxa

et al. 2007

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Dramatic declines of native Hawaiian avifauna due to the human-mediated emergence of avian malaria and pox prompted an examination of whether island taxa share a common altered immunological signature, potentially driven by reduced genetic diversity and reduced exposure to parasites. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing parasite prevalence, genetic diversity and three measures of immune response in two recently-introduced species (Neochmia temporalis and Zosterops lateralis) and two island endemics (Acrocephalus aequinoctialis and A. rimitarae) and then comparing the results to those observed in closely-related mainland counterparts. The prevalence of blood parasites was significantly lower in 3 of 4 island taxa, due in part to the absence of certain parasite lineages represented in mainland populations. Indices of genetic diversity were unchanged in the island population of N. temporalis; however, allelic richness was significantly lower in the island population of Z. lateralis while both allelic richness and heterozygosity were significantly reduced in the two island-endemic species examined. Although parasite prevalence and genetic diversity generally conformed to expectations for an island system, we did not find evidence for a pattern of uniformly altered immune responses in island taxa, even amongst endemic taxa with the longest residence times. The island population of Z. lateralis exhibited a significantly reduced inflammatory cell-mediated response while levels of natural antibodies remained unchanged for this and the other recently introduced island taxon. In contrast, the island endemic A. rimitarae exhibited a significantly increased inflammatory response as well as higher levels of natural antibodies and complement. These measures were unchanged or lower in A. aequinoctialis. We suggest that small differences in the pathogenic landscape and the stochastic history of mutation and genetic drift are likely to be important in shaping the unique immunological profiles of small isolated populations. Consequently, predicting the impact of introduced disease on the many other endemic faunas of the remote Pacific will remain a challenge.

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When Vibrios Take Flight: A Meta-Analysis of Pathogenic Vibrio Species in Wild and Domestic Birds

Ayala

Ogbunugafor

2023

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Disease Emergence in Birds: Challenges for the Twenty-First Century

Cited by 75 publications

References 76 publications

Avian Cholera, a Threat to the Viability of an Arctic Seabird Colony?

Avian Cholera, a Threat to the Viability of an Arctic Seabird Colony?

Immunological Change in a Parasite-Impoverished Environment: Divergent Signals from Four Island Taxa

When Vibrios Take Flight: A Meta-Analysis of Pathogenic Vibrio Species in Wild and Domestic Birds

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