Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19

Arthi, Vellore; Parman, John

doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2020.101381

Cited by 88 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…11 See Stern et al (2009) for a list of NPIs by type and city. For greater discussion of the many papers related to the 1918 pandemic, see the recent surveys by Arthi and Parman (2020) and Beach et al (2020). In addition, Almond (2006), Almond and Currie (2011), Almond et al (2018), andBeach et al (2018) provide detailed surveys of the long-run e ects of early childhood exposure to health shocks, including in uenza.…”

Section: School Closuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

School Closures During the 1918 Flu Pandemic

Ager

Eriksson

Karger

et al. 2020

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The COVID-19 pandemic has reignited interest in responses to the 1918-19 influenza pandemic, the last comparable U.S. public health emergency. During both pandemics, many state and local governments made the controversial decision to close schools. We study the short-and long-run effects of 1918-19 pandemic-related school closures on children. We find precise null effects of school closures in 1918 on school attendance in 1919-20 using newly collected data on the exact timing of school closures for 168 cities in 1918-19. Linking affected children to their adult outcomes in the 1940 census, we also find precise null effects of school closures on adult educational attainment, wage income, non-wage income, and hours worked in 1940. Our results are not inconsistent with an emerging literature that finds negative short-run effects of COVID-19-related school closures on learning. The situation in 1918 was starkly different from today: (1) schools closed in 1918 for many fewer days on average, (2) the 1918 virus was much deadlier to young adults and children, boosting absenteeism even in schools that stayed open, and (3) the lack of effective remote learning platforms in 1918 may have reduced the scope for school closures to increase socioeconomic inequality.

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Section: School Closuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

School Closures During the 1918 Flu Pandemic

Ager

Eriksson

Karger

et al. 2020

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“…In particular, the new SARS-CoV-2, first emerging in China at the end of 2019 [ 26 ], can provoke severe pneumonia, and being easily transmissible, it rapidly spread worldwide leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020 [ 27 ]. Currently, there have been more than two million deaths due to COVID-19 (2,239,418 as found in Worldometers.info [ 28 ] accessed on 1 February 2021), with enormous consequences for public health and the global economy [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. While the whole world is fighting against COVID-19 and waits for a global and effective vaccination, the scientific community is devoting immense efforts to develop effective drugs for the immediate treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleoside Analogs and Nucleoside Precursors as Drugs in the Fight against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses

et al. 2021

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are positive-sense RNA enveloped viruses, members of the family Coronaviridae, that cause infections in a broad range of mammals including humans. Several CoV species lead to mild upper respiratory infections typically associated with common colds. However, three human CoV (HCoV) species: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV-1, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, are responsible for severe respiratory diseases at the origin of two recent epidemics (SARS and MERS), and of the current COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19), respectively. The easily transmissible SARS-CoV-2, emerging at the end of 2019 in China, spread rapidly worldwide, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic. While the world waits for mass vaccination, there is an urgent need for effective drugs as short-term weapons to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this context, the drug repurposing approach is a strategy able to guarantee positive results rapidly. In this regard, it is well known that several nucleoside-mimicking analogs and nucleoside precursors may inhibit the growth of viruses providing effective therapies for several viral diseases, including HCoV infections. Therefore, this review will focus on synthetic nucleosides and nucleoside precursors active against different HCoV species, paying great attention to SARS-CoV-2. This work covers progress made in anti-CoV therapy with nucleoside derivatives and provides insight into their main mechanisms of action.

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“…In addition to inexperience, poor capability in large-scale pandemic crisis management often aggravates a variety of pandemic-led problems [19]. The global population, as well as administrative authorities of crisis response, recognizes the ubiquitous presence of wicked problems (more complex, complicated, and tangled relationships among existing problematic issues), newly generated and/or worsened by the pandemic [20].…”

Section: Topical Review: Pandemic Crisis Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Strategic Directions of Pandemic Crisis Management: A Text Analysis of World Economic Forum COVID-19 Reports

Nam

2021

Sustainability

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This study aims to understand the global environment of COVID-19 management and guide future policy directions after the pandemic crisis. To this end, we analyzed a series of the World Economic Forum’s COVID-19 response reports through text mining and network analysis. These reports, written by experts in diverse fields, discuss multidimensional changes in socioeconomic situations, various problems created by those changes, and strategies to respond to national crises. Based on 3897 refined words drawn from a morphological analysis of 26 reports (as of the end of 2020), this study analyzes the frequency of words, the relationships among words, the importance of specific documents, and the connection centrality through text mining. In addition, the network analysis helps develop strategies for a sustainable response to and the management of national crises through identifying clusters of words with similar structural equivalence.

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Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19

Cited by 88 publications

References 140 publications

School Closures During the 1918 Flu Pandemic

School Closures During the 1918 Flu Pandemic

Nucleoside Analogs and Nucleoside Precursors as Drugs in the Fight against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses

Exploring Strategic Directions of Pandemic Crisis Management: A Text Analysis of World Economic Forum COVID-19 Reports

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