Discussion on “The photophone and the conversion of radiant energy into sound”

Bell, Alexander Graham; Adams, W. G.; Tyndall,; Preece, W.H.

doi:10.1049/jste-1.1880.0044

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In particular, the authors of [104] and [105] investigated the free-space optical MIMO systems equipped with multiple lasers and PDs, while the treatises [106]- [110] are based on VLC systems. Explicitly, Zeng et al [106] studied and compared the non-imaging and imaging MIMO techniques 5 , which provided deep insights concerning optical MIMO systems. An experimental 2 × 2 imaging-based MIMO system was reported in [107], but the illumination requirements were not given any cognisance.…”

Section: Multiuser Signal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was achieved by adaptively allocating communication frequency bands to multiple users and hence attaining a beneficial diversity gain in the frequency domain. Furthermore, Wang et al [114] investigated the multiuser MIMO-OFDM (MU-MIMO-OFDM) based VLC system, where the multiuser interference 5 In a conventional non-imaging MIMO system, each of the multiple LED transmitters conveys an independent data stream simultaneously and an individual non-imaging optical concentrator is used by each receiver, where the desired signal, delayed multipath components, ambient light noise, and cochannel interference are combined into a single electrical signal. By contrast, in an imaging MIMO system, light propagates from each LED as before, but is projected onto a detector array [116].…”

Section: Multiuser Signal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…transmitting voice by employing sunlight [5]. With the development of solid-state lighting, white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were invoked for constructing VLC systems in the early 2000s for the dual function of illumination and communications by Tanaka et al in Japan [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Visible-Light Optical Wireless Systems: Network-Centric Versus User-Centric Designs

Zhang

Hanzo

2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Abstract-In order to counteract the explosive escalation of wireless tele-traffic, the communication spectrum has been gradually expanded from the conventional radio frequency (RF) band to the optical wireless (OW) domain. By integrating the classic RF band relying on diverse radio techniques and optical bands, the next-generation heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are expected to offer a potential solution for supporting the ever-increasing wireless tele-traffic. Owing to its abundant unlicensed spectral resources, visible light communications (VLC) combined with advanced illumination constitute a competent candidate for complementing the existing RF networks. Although the advantages of VLC are multi-fold, some challenges arise when incorporating VLC into the classic RF HetNet environments, which may require new system architectures. The user-centric (UC) design principle for VLC environments constitutes a novel and competitive design paradigm for the super dense multi-tier cell combinations of HetNets. The UC concept may be expected to become one of the disruptive techniques to be used in the forthcoming fifthgeneration era. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of visible-light-aided OW systems with special emphasis on the design and optimization of VLC networks, where the radically new UC design philosophy is reviewed. Finally, design guidelines are provided for VLC systems.

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Section: Multiuser Signal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiuser Signal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Visible-Light Optical Wireless Systems: Network-Centric Versus User-Centric Designs

Zhang

Hanzo

2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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“…The work on the OWC started as early as 1880 when Alexander Graham Bell developed the first photophone . This device transmitted voice over 200 m using beams from sunlight.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperheuristic‐based analysis and optimization of a mobile indoor visible light communication system

Sharma

Kumari

Aggarwal

et al. 2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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In this paper, we study a mobile indoor visible light communication system that can be used for the creation of the indoor network infrastructure for sending information besides serving its main purpose of illumination. It uses visible light communication technology where the light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are deployed on the ceiling of the room and the receiver is kept mobile at a certain height from the ground level. This paper focuses on the optimal deployment of the LEDs with an objective to achieve the requisite level of communication performance without any transmission error while maintaining ubiquitous receiver mobility. The hyperheuristic evolutionary algorithm (HypEA) has been implemented to analyze and optimize the energy consumption through optimal placement of LEDs under variation of semiangle values. Furthermore, the implemented optimization algorithm investigates the other system related parameters including average outage area ratio, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and root mean square delay for a given threshold average bit error ratio. Finally, The obtained results are illustrated through numerical plots, which reveal that the HypEA is efficient in optimizing the system to minimize the overall power consumption under maximum receiver mobility.

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“…In old times humans communicated across great distances using beacon fires, mirror reflections, and light houses. But the first known electronic wireless communication using visible light comes from Alexander Graham Bell, who in 1880 developed a photophone [3] which transmitted modulated voice data over 200 m using beams of sunlight. After that, several incremental improvements on Bell design were done using tungsten lamps with IR filters, and high-pressure vapor and mercury arc lamps [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%