Discussion. On the Government Waterworks in Trafalgar Square.

Amos, Clare; Clutterbuck, J C; Braithwaite, F; Homersham,; Hemans,; Tennant,; Bruff, Peter; Bazalgette,; May, Conrad; Hawkshaw,; Rawlinson,; Locke, John

doi:10.1680/imotp.1860.23606

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Population Growth and The Period To 18711

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“…London was at that time supplied by eight separate companies, only one of which, the Kent Company, derived its supplies from Chalk wells. However, government offices and several public establishments around Westminster, together with the fountains in Trafalgar Square, were supplied by wells, sunk to a depth of about 400 feet in the Chalk in 1844 (Abel & Rowney 1849;Amos 1860).…”

Section: Population Growth and The Period To 1871mentioning

confidence: 99%

From William Smith to William Whitaker: the development of British hydrogeology in the nineteenth century

Mather

1998

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Some of the earliest applications of the principles of geology to the solution of hydrologic problems were made by William Smith, who used his knowledge of strata succession to locate groundwater resources to feed the summit levels of canals and supply individual houses and towns. The industrial revolution led to a huge demand for water resources to supply new towns and cities. Nottingham, Liverpool, Sunderland and parts of London all relied on groundwater. By the middle of the nineteenth century James Clutterbuck had already recognized that groundwater was a finite resource and that if abstraction was more rapid than replenishment by rain, water levels would decline and quality would be affected by saline intrusion. In 1851 Prestwich produced the first British geological map that included groundwater information.

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Section: Population Growth and The Period To 1871mentioning

confidence: 99%