Discussion on Palaeozoic discontinuities in the Kuh-e Surmeh area (Zagros, Iran)

Carbonate Reservoir Rocks at Giant Oil and Gas Fields in Sw Iran and the Adjacent Offshore: A Review of Stratigraphic Occurrence and Poro‐perm Characteristics

“…During much of the Palaeozoic, the region was situated in low southerly palaeolatitudes, and the pre-Permian stratigraphic record is therefore dominated by terrigenous to shallow-marine clastics with minor limestones and evaporites (Alsharhan, 2014;Beydoun, 1988). The area periodically entered high southern latitudes resulting in glaciation phases (Late Ordovician and Late Carboniferous), which coincided with the development of regional unconformities (Beydoun et al, 1992;Konert et al, 2001;Vennin et al, 2015). The Late Ordovician glaciation was followed by deposition in the Zagros area of the postglacial and organic-rich sediments of the Sarchahan Formation (Fig.…”

Assessing Thermal Maturity through a Multi-Proxy Approach: A Case Study from the Permian Faraghan Formation (Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran)

“…From the late Silurian to the Carboniferous, the Zagros area moved northward to equatorial latitudes. This time interval is stratigraphically poorly represented in the Zagros Basin, rocks of this age having been extensively eroded after the Hercynian orogenesis, except for rare cases such as the Devonian Zakeen Formation that crops out in the SE High Zagros and Fars domains [8,12,71,76,81]. An extensional tectonic regime led to the rifting (from Carboniferous) and spreading (from early Permian) of the Neo-Tethys Ocean along the eastern margin of Gondwana [73,82,83].…”

“…In the eastern High Zagros, the Faraghan and Dalan formations constitute the core of the Kuh-e-Faraghan and Kuh-e-Gahkum anticlines [79]. The Faraghan Formation rests unconformably on lower Paleozoic lithostratigraphic units which consist of terrigenous rocks and minor carbonates of lower Cambrian to Upper Ordovician age (e.g., Zagun, Lalun, Mila, Ilbeyk, Zard Kuh and Seyahou formations), glaciogenic-related deposits of latest Ordovician (Dargaz Formation), Silurian "hot shales" (Sarchahan Formation) and fluvial to tidal Devonian siliciclastics (Zakeen Formation; [63,64,76,81,89]). The complete Paleozoic sedimentary succession of the Zagros Basin includes several unconformities associated with sedimentary hiatuses caused by a combination of factors such as: (i) sea level drops linked to the Hirnantian Northern Gondwana [90] and to Carboniferous Southern Hemisphere glaciation events [91]; (ii) uplift of the Middle East area during Přídolí time (late Silurian) related to epeirogenic movements and sea level fall [8,66,77,86,92]; and (iii) the Hercynian orogeny spanning from the Late Devonian to Carboniferous interval [8,77,93,94].…”

“…In this area (Kuh e Lajin Mountains), the Faraghan Formation, ca. 60 m thick, unconformably overlies the arenaceous to shaly Seyahou Formation of Ordovician age and with a depositional paleoenvironment attributed to a storm-dominated siliciclastic shelf [21,22,81,88,89] (Figures 1a and 2). The basal part of the Faraghan Formation consists of an alternation of brown conglomerates and coarse-grained arkosic sandstones containing trough, hummocky and swaley cross-stratification (HCS and SCS) and plane parallel stratification.…”

“…The Faraghan Formation, in its type locality at Kuh e Faraghan, about 80 km N of Bandar Abbas, in the SW High Zagros, is ca. 55 m thick and unconformably overlies the alluvial to tidal Zakeen Formation of Devonian age [21,22,81,89,100] (Figures 1 and 3). In this section, the lower part of the Faraghan Formation consists of green medium to thick-bedded sandstones with herringbone and heterolithic structures.…”