The notion of a population's level of health is one of the indicators used to know with certainty the level of well-being of a country's population. The health system is a set of institutions and resources that, through their actions, aim to provide an efficient health service to society. In Latin America, some limitations hinder the access of individuals to different health services, shown by socioeconomic, sociocultural, and demographic barriers, which lead to significant inequalities in societies, reflecting a certain degree of precariousness and deterioration of health. This study aims to know the development of access to public health services in Latin America during the last decade, determined under three approaches: socioeconomic, sociocultural, and geographic. The methodology was carried out through a systematic review study; to find relevant research, a bibliographic search was conducted in EBSCO, ProQuest, and Scopus, among other databases. Initially, six thousand articles were obtained, and then the inclusion-exclusion criteria were considered, leaving fifty documents as the leading articles. The research finds the temporal limitations of the study itself. In conclusion, the Latin American scientific literature shows that access to public health services in the last decade has involved a series of factors and barriers limiting the population's access to quality health.