Discrimination of Malus Taxa with Different Scent Intensities Using Electronic Nose and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Fan, Junjun; Zhang, Wangxiang; Zhou, Ting; Zhang, Dandan; Dong-lin, Zhang; Zhang, Long; Wang, Guibin; Cao, Fuliang

doi:10.3390/s18103429

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Many studies have shown that benzenoids are the main compounds of Rosaceae flowers [1,32,33]. Our study showed that the main compounds of M. ioensis “Prairie Rose” are also benzenoids, which is consistent with the findings presented by Fan [14], Zhao et al [9] and Li [13]. However, Zhao et al [9] and Li [13] found that one of main benzenoids compound was benzyl alcohol, whereas it was phenylethanol in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…baccata and found that the compounds responsible for the floral scent were mainly butylated hydroxytoluene, heptadecane, hexadecane, α-farnesene and β-octene. Fan et al [14] used electronic nose and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure the different aroma intensities of crabapple and initially explored the relationship between the scent compounds and the electronic nose. At present, research on crabapple floral scent is far behind research on the flowering period [15], flower color [16,17], flower shape [10] and pollen [18], and there are no reports on the release characteristic of crabapple floral scent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flowering Stage and Daytime Affect Scent Emission of Malus ioensis “Prairie Rose”

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Molecules

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Flowering crabapple is an important ornamental flower. It is vital to understand the floral scent properties and the associated release dynamics for carrying out fragrant flower breeding or floral regulation of crabapple. Static headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the volatile compounds in Malus ioensis “Prairie Rose” flowers at different flowering stages and at different day-night time. The results showed that methylheptenone, phenylethanol, geranylacetone, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, α-cedrene were the major compounds in M. ioensis “Prairie Rose”, but the compounds released during different stages and different day-night time were significantly different (P < 0.0001). A total of 25 volatile compounds were identified from the four flowering stages. The floral scents in the initial and flowering stages were the most similar (dissimilarity 0.21). The main compounds in these two stages were geranylacetone and methylheptenone, and the contents of geranylacetone and phenylethanol were positively correlated with the flowering stages. From the bud stage to the end of flowering, the total amount of volatile compounds released showed an initial increase followed by a decrease and the amounts of compounds released during the initial flowering stage were the highest. The aliphatic and benzenoids content was significant higher in the daytime than at night. A total of 15 compounds were detected in the five time periods. Methylheptenone and phenylethanol were particularly released in the 10:00–12:00 and 15:00–17:00 time periods. There were only three common compounds among the five time periods and the types of flower volatiles released during the daytime were obviously higher than those released at night. From the nocturnal to diurnal, the amount of flower volatiles released first increased, then decreased, and the release reached a peak between 10 am and 12 noon, which was consistent with the pollination biological characteristics of Malus flowers. Our findings are important for understanding the mechanism of insect visits to crabapple and the regulation of crabapple flower scent.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowering Stage and Daytime Affect Scent Emission of Malus ioensis “Prairie Rose”

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Molecules

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“…A PEN3 E-nose was used to analyze the odor of biofilm samples. The system is a product of Win Muster Air-sense (WMA) Analytics Inc. (Schwerin, Germany), and it consists of a sampling apparatus, a detector unit with an array of 10 different metal oxide sensors (W1C, W5S, W3C, W6S, W5C, W1S, W1W, W2S, W2W and W3S) and pattern recognition software for data recording and analysis [ 31 , 32 ]. The biofilm samples were placed in an experimental beaker and sealed with tinfoil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Non-Destructive Quantification of Eugenol in Curdlan Biofilms by Electronic Nose Combined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Han

Zhu

Fan

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Eugenol is hepatotoxic and potentially hazardous to human health. This paper reports on a rapid non-destructive quantitative method for the determination of eugenol concentration in curdlan (CD) biofilms by electronic nose (E-nose) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Different concentrations of eugenol were added to the film-forming solution to form a series of biofilms by casting method, and the actual eugenol concentration in the biofilm was determined. Analysis of the odor collected on the biofilms was carried out by GC-MS and an E-nose. The E-nose data was subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in order to establish a discriminant model for determining eugenol concentrations in the biofilms. Further analyses involving the application of all sensors and featured sensors, the prediction model-based partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machines (SVM) were carried out to determine eugenol concentration in the CD biofilms. The results showed that the optimal prediction model for eugenol concentration was obtained by PLS at R2p of 0.952 using 10 sensors. The study described a rapid, non-destructive detection and quantitative method for determining eugenol concentration in bio-based packaging materials.

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“…Recently, several types of SPME fiber coatings have become available for the extraction of analytes, such as nonpolar polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fibers, carboxen–polydimethylsiloxane (CAR–PDMS) fibers, polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fibers and divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethyl siloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fibers. Furthermore, due to the different compounds that make up the floral scents of different plant taxa, researchers use different types of fiber to study them, for example, Fan et al [ 14 ] used PDMS/DVB fibers for Malus plants; Gao et al [ 15 ] used CAR-PDMS fibers for Freesia × hybrid and Mohammed et al [ 16 ] used DVB/CAR/PDMS fibers for Rose; Silva et al [ 17 ] found that PDMS fiber in melon flowers has poor adsorption for polar compounds. In addition, previous studies have observed molecules with polarity such as protoanemonin, nonanal, dimethoxytoluene, 2-phenyl ethanol and phenyl acetaldehyde in Aquilegia ’s floral scents [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of SPME–GC–MS and characterization of floral scents from Aquilegia japonica and A. amurensis flowers

et al. 2021

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Background The floral scents of plants play a key role in plant reproduction through the communication between plants and pollinators. Aquilegia as a model species for studying evolution, however, there have been few studies on the floral scents and relationships between floral scents and pollination for Aquilegia taxa. Methods In this study, three types of solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) fiber coatings (DVB/PDMS, CAR/PDMS, DVB/CAR/PDMS) were evaluated for their performance in extracting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from flowers of Aquilegia amurensis, which can contribute to the future studies of elucidating the role of floral scents in the pollination process. Results In total, 55 VOCs were identified, and among them, 50, 47 and 45 VOCs were extracted by the DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber, CAR/PDMS fiber and DVB/PDMS fibers, respectively. Only 30 VOCs were detected in A. japonica taxa. Furthermore, the relative contents of 8 VOCs were significant different (VIP > 1 and p < 0.05) between the A. amurensis and A. japonica. Conclusions The results can be applied in new studies of the relationships between the chemical composition of floral scents and the processes of attraction of pollinator. It may provide new ideas for rapid evolution and frequent interspecific hybridization of Aquilegia.

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Discrimination of Malus Taxa with Different Scent Intensities Using Electronic Nose and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Flowering Stage and Daytime Affect Scent Emission of Malus ioensis “Prairie Rose”

Flowering Stage and Daytime Affect Scent Emission of Malus ioensis “Prairie Rose”

Rapid Non-Destructive Quantification of Eugenol in Curdlan Biofilms by Electronic Nose Combined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Optimization of SPME–GC–MS and characterization of floral scents from Aquilegia japonica and A. amurensis flowers

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