Discrimination of goat, buffalo, and yak milk from different livestock, regions, and lactation using microelement contents

Abstract

This study aims at investigating whether the livestock, lactation stage, or geographical origin of specialty milk in China could be classified by the elemental contents. Samples of goat, buffalo, and yak milk were collected from main production provinces in China and the contents of nine elements in milk from different livestock, regions, and lactation stages were determined. Statistical analysis indicated that the contents of Mn, Cu, As, Se, Cs, and Mo in mature milk were significantly different between the three livestock (p < 0.05). The trends of Mn and Cs contents of the goat milk and buffalo milk increased first and then decreased gradually during lactation. The contents of Se, Cs, Ba, and Mo in mature milk of three livestock were significantly different between the three regions (p < 0.05). The result of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the total correct classification rates in different livestock for mature milk reached 86.7 and 90%. For goat milk, the total correct classification rates of different lactations and regions reached 88.9 and 77.8% for LDA (100 and 87.5% for PLS-DA), and followed by yak milk of different regions which achieved 88.9% for LDA (88.9% for PLS-DA).In summary, the microelements in milk showed a significant correlation with livestock, region, and lactation of goat, buffalo, and yak milk. The elemental fingerprints combined with the LDA could be potential for classifying the livestock, lactation stage, and geographical origin of milk.Practical Application: According to study the contents of miroelements in milk from different livestock, regions, and lactation stages, provide evidence and support for classifying the livestock, lactation stage, and geographical origin of milk. K E Y W O R D Sbuffalo milk, geographical origin, goat milk, lactation stage, yak milk INTRODUCTIONRaw milk is one of the most perfect foods in the human diet. Bovine milk is by far the most commonly consumed type of milk, dominating global milk production. The worldwide milk production is highest for bovine milk (85%), followed by buffalo (11%), goat (2.3%), sheep (1.4%), and camel milk (0.2%) (Gerosa & Skoet, 2012). Goats

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