Discrimination in Metropolitan Housing Markets: National Results from Phase I of HDS2000

Turner, Margery Austin; Ross, Stephen L.; Galster, George; Yinger, John; Godfrey, Erin B.; Bednarz, Beata A.; Herbig, Carla; Lee, Seonjoo; Zhao, Bo

doi:10.1037/e717912011-001

Cited by 193 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Discrimination has also been shown to influence neighbourhood ethnic sorting (e.g. Turner et al, 2002, for the United States), although the extent to which this is valid for Sweden is unclear (Bråmå, 2007). Based on the above literature review, we hypothesise that households sort into neighbourhoods based on their ethnicity, with foreign born households being more likely to move to immigrant-dense neighbourhoods compared to native Swedes (Hypothesis 2).…”

Section: Of Benefits (Hypothesis 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood Choice and Neighbourhood Reproduction

2011

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Abstract. Although we know a lot about why households choose certain dwellings, we know relatively little about the mechanisms behind their choice of neighbourhood. Most studies of neighbourhood choice only focus on one or two dimensions of neighbourhoods: typically poverty and ethnicity. This paper argues that neighbourhoods have multiple dimensions and that models of neighbourhood choice should take these dimensions into account. We propose the use of a conditional logit model. From this approach we can gain insight into the interaction between individual and neighbourhood characteristics which lead to the choice of a particular neighbourhood over alternative destinations. We use Swedish register data to model neighbourhood choice for all households which moved in the city of Uppsala between 1997 and 2006. Our results show that neighbourhood sorting is a highly structured process where households are very likely to choose neighbourhoods where the neighbourhood population matches their own characteristics. We find that income is the most important driver of the sorting process, although ethnicity and other demographic and socio-economic characteristics play important roles as well.

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Section: Of Benefits (Hypothesis 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood Choice and Neighbourhood Reproduction

2011

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“…Studies have suggested that discriminatory behavior and steering are common, and that gatekeepers (such as real estate agents) play an important role. For example, studies have shown that gatekeepers are an important source of segregation as they often show racial/ethnic minority home buyers fewer neighborhoods, and disproportionately show them neighborhoods with sizable racial/ethnic minority populations (La Gory and Pipkin 1981;Turner et al 2000). Audit studies have consistently shown that racial/ethnic minorities experience discriminatory behavior by potential landlords and property management companies and therefore are turned down from housing options despite identical credentials to white candidates (Turner et al 2000).…”

Section: Differential Ability To Exit High Crime Neighborhoodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, studies have shown that gatekeepers are an important source of segregation as they often show racial/ethnic minority home buyers fewer neighborhoods, and disproportionately show them neighborhoods with sizable racial/ethnic minority populations (La Gory and Pipkin 1981;Turner et al 2000). Audit studies have consistently shown that racial/ethnic minorities experience discriminatory behavior by potential landlords and property management companies and therefore are turned down from housing options despite identical credentials to white candidates (Turner et al 2000). Such bias has also been documented in over-the-phone audits, as speaking in a black vernacular yielded fewer offered residences (Fischer and Massey 2004).…”

Section: Differential Ability To Exit High Crime Neighborhoodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important next step is drilling down to the neighborhood level to assess whether higher rates of crime in the neighborhood in fact change the racial/ethnic composition of a neighborhood (Bursik 1986;Schuerman and Kobrin 1986;Skogan 1990;Taylor 1995). As we elaborate in more detail below, if households wish to avoid neighborhoods with higher levels of crime, and racial/ethnic minorities have constrained choices when selecting a neighborhood in which to move Crowder 1997a, 1997b;Turner et al 2000), neighborhoods with more crime may experience an increase in racial/ ethnic minorities over time through these residential mobility decisions.…”

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Violent Crime, Mobility Decisions, and Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Transition

Hipp

2011

Social Problems

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“…As has been demonstrated with housing and employment, discrimination may play a role in shaping these admission decisions to the higher-quality homes. 19 It might also play a role in shaping the decisions of white private-pay nursing home patients and their families about where to get care, including whether to opt for non-nursing home alternatives altogether. Some nursing home operators might be sensitive to this and the possibilities of "white flight," particularly in transitional neighborhoods.…”

Section: The Dynamics Of Racial Disparities In Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Separate And Unequal: Racial Segregation And Disparities In Quality Across U.S. Nursing Homes

Smith¹,

Feng²,

Fennell³

et al. 2007

Health Affairs

220

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ABSTRACT:We describe the racial segregation in U.S. nursing homes and its relationship to racial disparities in the quality of care. Nursing homes remain relatively segregated, roughly mirroring the residential segregation within metropolitan areas. As a result, blacks are much more likely than whites to be located in nursing homes that have serious deficiencies, lower staffing ratios, and greater financial vulnerability. Changing health care providers' behavior will not be sufficient to eliminate disparities in medical treatment in nursing homes. Persistent segregation among homes poses a substantial barrier to progress. [Health Affairs 26, no. 5 (2007): 1448-1458 10.1377/hlthaff.26.5.1448 T h e e f f e c t o f r ac i a l s e g r e gat i o n on disparities in medical treatment has only recently received attention from researchers. This research has shown that blacks are more likely than whites to seek care from hospitals that have fewer resources in terms of up-to-date technology.1 They are also more likely to receive care at hospitals with higher surgical mortality rates, undergo cardiovascular procedures at lower-volume hospitals, and receive maternity services at hospitals that have higher risk-adjusted neonatal mortality rates for both black and white infants.2 Blacks are also more likely to receive their primary care from physicians who tend to be less well trained than from physicians who primarily treat whites; have less access than whites to important clinical resources such as high-quality subspecialists, diagnostic imaging, and nonemergency admissions to hospitals; and report less control over their work, more time pressure, and higher rates of burnout than their white peers.3 These differences in primary care are reflected in missed opportunities among blacks for higher rates of early intervention with breast and prostate cancer treatment. 4 A tiered system of nursing home care that concentrates blacks in marginal-quality nursing homes also appears to exist. 5 n Historical background. Historically, segregation and discrimination in access to higher-quality nursing homes in the United States have never been systematically addressed. Before Medicare and Medicaid were implemented in 1966, nursing homes in the South were totally segregated by Jim Crow laws and in the North almost as much by patterns of use and admission practices. Racial segregation also took place within homes through separate floors and wings; it has persisted in some homes through similar segregation by payer status. In the past, blacks have had far more limited access to nursing home care than whites have had. In 1963, nursing home use by nonwhites over age sixty-five was 39 percent that of whites.6 A decade later, well after the implementation of Medicare and Medicaid, use of nursing homes by elderly blacks was still only 47 percent that of elderly whites. n Early noncompliance with the law. Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits segregation and other forms of discrimination in any organization receiving federal funds. In s...

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Discrimination in Metropolitan Housing Markets: National Results from Phase I of HDS2000

Cited by 193 publications

References 7 publications

Neighbourhood Choice and Neighbourhood Reproduction

Neighbourhood Choice and Neighbourhood Reproduction

Violent Crime, Mobility Decisions, and Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Transition

Separate And Unequal: Racial Segregation And Disparities In Quality Across U.S. Nursing Homes

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