Discrimination Capacity of RAPD, ISSR and SSR Markers and of their Effectiveness in Establishing Genetic Relationship and Diversity among Egyptian and Saudi Wheat Cultivars

Abstract

<b>Problem statement:</b> Yield crop cultivars and landraces are valuable sources of genetic variations that the knowledge and implication of these variations are critical in the plant breeding programs. our major objective of this study is investigating the discriminating capacity of RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers and of their effectiveness in establishing genetic relationship and diversity among Egyptian and Saudi wheat cultivars. <b>Approach:</b> Eleven wheat cultivars and landraces collected from Egypt and Saudi Arabia, five Egyptian wheat (Sakha 93, Sods 1, Sods 4, Gmiza 9 and Sohag 3) and six Saudi wheat landrace cultivars (Hmees, Al-Kaseem, Hegazi, Abo-Sakr, Dubai 1 and Nagran) were characterized using RAPD, ISSR and SSR molecular markers as efficient tools. Ten and nine oligonucleotide primers of RAPD and ISSR respectively and four primer pairs of SSR were used in wheat samples analysis. Only clear and repeatable band profile of 6 RAPD, 8 ISSR and 2 SSR primers were obtained. In RAPD analyses, 74 out of 141 bands (52%) were polymorphic. <b>Results:</b> The number of alleles ranged from 8-21 per primer, with an average of 14.1 per primer. In ISSR analyses, a total of 78 alleles were detected, along with 36 alleles (46%) were polymorphic. The number of alleles per primer ranged from 5-10 with an average of 8.6 alleles per ISSR primer. SSR reactions recorded 6 alleles, of which 5 alleles (83%) were polymorphic. Cluster analysis was conducted using Unweighted Pair Group Method that depends on Arithmetic Average (UPGMA). The dendrogram cluster diagram classified the evaluated genotypes in three major clusters corresponding to the cultivation regions. The first group contains Sakha 93, Sods 1 and Sods 4 with more than 80% Genetic Similarity (GS). The GS between Sakha 93 and Sods 1, Sakha 93 and Sods 4 or Sods 1 and Sods 4 were 83.6%, 83.9 and 85.4 respectively. The second group contains Gmiza 9 and Sohag 3 with GS 83.1%. The third group contains most of the Saudi landrace cultivars, Hmees, Al-Kaseem, Dubai 1, Abo-Sakr and Nagran, which are genetically closed to each other with GS of 81%. The last Saudi wheat landrace cultivar, Hegazi, was falling outside the three major clusters, revealing around 78% similarity with the rest of the five Saudi landrace cultivars. <b>Conclusion/Recommendations:</b> These analyses fit together with geographical distribution of the 11 wheat cultivars and landraces. Moreover, some morphological characterizations as fresh and dry or flowering time between the selected cultivars were analyzed under different salt concentration. We recognized differences in the fresh and dry weight between the selected cultivars. Wheat cultivars Sods 4 and Sohag 3 were the most sensitive cultivars to the salt treatment, while Sods 1 and Sakha 93 cultivars were less sensitive to the salt treatments. Additionally, Sods 4 and Sakha 93 cultivars were the earliest among the five wheat cultivars (flowering time 68.0±5.04 and 71±6.97 days respectively), while Sohag 3 and Gmiza 9 have flowered later than the other...

Determination of Genetic Diversity in Selected Salt Tolerance and Sensitive Wheat by Random Amplified Polymorphic cDNA

“…The same determination of genetic variation in wheat genotypes and cultivars were reported by BiBi et al (2012) [17] by using RAPD marker. Salt tolerance in plants, according to [18,19,20], is more closely linked to the mechanisms of salinity stress tolerance which controlled by segregated salt tolerant genes through cycles of exposure and selection. These genes may be non-existent in the local salt-sensitive cultivars.…”

High efficient de novo root-to-shoot organogenesis in Citrus jambhiri Lush.: Gene expression, genetic stability and virus indexing

“…Among the molecular markers, RAPD is the potent PCR-based DNA markers used to investigate genetic homogeneity among the in vitro regenerants and the mother plants of Citrus jambhiri [ 1 , 2 ]. On the other hand, ISSR is an efficient multilocus DNA marker for genetic polymorphism studies with higher PIC (polymorphism information content) values and better reproducibility than RAPD [ 49 ]. No genetic variations were observed among the regenerants and the mother plant in the present study while examining their genetic homogeneity using RAPD and ISSR markers ( Fig 7 ).…”

Molecular Identification of Four Eruca Sativa L. Cultivars using RAPD Markers

“…Bioneer Corporation provided the Primers in lyophilized form, dissolved in TE buffer to obtain 100 pmol/μl as a final concentration (stock solutions). Working solutions 10 pmole/µl were prepared from stock solutions, eleven primers were used in application of RAPD markers (Carelli, et al, 2006;Abd El-Hady, et al, 2010;Ezekiel, et al, 2011;El-Assal & Gaber, 2012) in table (1) with their nucleotide sequences and names of each primer. Performing PCR of samples: the amplified of each primer were done according to annealing temperatures and following program of initial temperature at 94C˚ for 3 min, 40 Cycles of (denaturation at 94C˚ for 1min , annealing :variable , extension at 72 C˚ for 1min and final extension at 72 C˚ for 5min .…”