Discrimination between agricultural management and the hedge effect in pear orchards (south‐eastern France)

Debras, Jean François; Torre, F. Jason; Rieux, R.; Kreiter, S.; Garcin, M.S.; Helden, M. van; Buisson, Élise; Dutoit, Thierry

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2006.00102.x

Cited by 43 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Roughly in the last decade this concern, along with an increased availability of GIS software packages and tools for landscape analysis (Altobelli et al 2006;Botequila Leitão et al 2006), led to a considerable amount of research regarding the effects of landscape variables on conservation biological control Tscharntke et al 2005Tscharntke et al , 2007. While the majority of investigations concerning this topic are set in arable fields (Bianchi et al 2005;Clough et al 2005;Purtauf et al 2005;Thies et al 2003), only few studies have focused on tree crops (Debras et al 2006). While annual and other arable crops undergo cyclical severe disturbance, which generally implies the complete destruction of the vegetation cover by means of ploughing, tree crops are usually subject to a lower degree of disturbance: weed control is often not carried out on the whole cropping unit, soil is less-intensively disturbed (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Moreover, many studies analyse landscape effects on generalist predators (Debras et al 2006;Purtauf et al 2005;Schmidt et al 2005;Weibull et al 2003), minor crop pests (Ö stman et al 2001;Roschewitz et al 2005) or model systems based on non-crop plants (Elziga et al 2007;Rand and Tscharntke 2007), therefore contributing very little concrete knowledge to the biological control of key pests with widely recognized economic relevance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landscape effects on the complex of Bactrocera oleae parasitoids and implications for conservation biological control

Boccaccio

Petacchi

2009

BioControl

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We studied the parasitoid complex of\ud Bactrocera oleae Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in\ud order to analyse the parasitism response to landscape\ud structure at different spatial extents. Olive fruits were\ud sampled and incubated in the laboratory for insect\ud emergence, thus allowing the calculation of parasitoid\ud emergence rates. A landscape analysis was performed\ud in five concentric buffers, ranging from 0.5 to 2 km\ud diameter around the sampling points. Woodland was\ud chosen as focal class. The percentage of landscape and\ud the splitting index, a measure of fragmentation, were\ud used to quantify landscape composition and configuration,\ud respectively. Significant effects of landscape\ud on parasitism rates were detected. In particular, the\ud percent parasitoid emergence was negatively affected\ud by the splitting index of woodland at a spatial extent\ud ranging from 1 to 2 km. These findings suggest that\ud landscape characteristics are likely to affect parasitoids\ud in well-structured agroecosystems as well. In\ud particular, connectivity at a large scale may favour\ud B. oleae parasitoids more than the abundance of\ud woodland. Potential implication

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape effects on the complex of Bactrocera oleae parasitoids and implications for conservation biological control

Boccaccio

Petacchi

2009

BioControl

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“…A previous study by Miliczky and Horton [2005] proved that diverse wild plant life around an orchard is a favourable habitat for advantageous entomofauna and positively influences its occurrence in agrocenoses. Also Debras et al [2006] indicated a positive correlation between a varied plant life of hedges in the vicinity of pear orchards and the entomophages in those orchards. A similar conclusion was reached by Dib et al [2012], who found a positive impact of flowering plant belts near apple orchards on the occurrence of parasitoids which control the abundance of diapausing Cydia pomonella larvae in orchards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A positive impact of orchard edge plants onto the occurrence of entomophages in the orchard habitat was proven in the papers by e.g. Piekarska-Boniecka and Suder-Byttner [2002], Debras et al [2006] and Dib et al [2012].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Number and Abundance of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Apocrita) Subfamilies Occurring in Apple Orchards and on Their Edges

Piekarska-Boniecka

Zyprych-Walczak

Rzańska-Wieczorek

et al. 2018

Acta.Sci.Pol.,Hortorum Cultus

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Plant communities which form orchard edges are a vital element of ecological infrastructure enriching these agrocenoses. The research was conducted in an orchard environment made up of apple orchards and their edges in the form of agricultural cultivations, tree clumps and a road lined with trees and shrubberies. The study aim was to determine the impact of the orchard edge plant diversity onto the number and abundance of Ichneumonidae subfamilies in the orchards. The study showed that orchard environments made up of an apple orchard and edge plants of various species create better living conditions for Ichneumonidae parasitoids than the environment of an orchard and neighbouring agricultural cultivations. The diversity of orchard edge plants positively influences the abundance of the Ichneumonidae subfamilies rather than the number of subfamilies in the orchard. In the orchard habitat the following dominant subfamilies were found: Campopleginae, Cryptinae, Orthocentrinae and Pimplinae. These entomophages may control the abundance of pests infesting orchards.

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“…In orchards the effect of pesticides and pest management regimes on arthropods is well documented for a few taxonomic groups, amongst which are spiders (Pekár, 1999;Miliczky et al, 2000;Brown et al, 2003) and ground-living beetles (Pearsall and Walde, 1995;Labrie et al, 2003) but it is more seldom studied for the total arthropod community (Sauphanor et al, 1993(Sauphanor et al, , 2005Suckling et al, 1999;Brown and Schmitt, 2001;Debras et al, 2006;Simon et al, 2007b). The use of pesticides has a negative effect on hunting spiders (Pekár, 1999), groundliving arthropods (Epstein et al, 2000) and insects parasitising leaf miners (Prokopy et al, 1996) but, surprisingly, the total arthropod diversity or richness of the tree canopy is not or very little affected by the use of broad-spectrum insecticide programmes compared with more environmentally friendly methods (Suckling et al, 1999;Brown and Schmitt, 2001;Simon et al, 2007b).…”

Section: Pesticide Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity and pest management in orchard systems. A review

Simon¹,

Bouvier

Debras

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

184

115

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Conventional agriculture is based on a high level of chemical inputs such as pesticides and fertilisers, leading to serious environmental impacts, health risks and loss of biodiversity in agrosystems. The reduction of pesticide use is a priority for intensively sprayed agricultural systems such as orchards. The preservation and promotion of biodiversity within orchards and their boundaries is therefore an issue to explore. Indeed, orchard systems contain high plant diversity and perennial multi-strata designs that provide wealthy resources and habitats to living communities such as beneficial organisms. Orchards thus offer favourable areas to maintain food-webs within the agrosystem, provided that favourable situations are not altered by cultural practices such as applying an excess of pesticides. Here, we analysed literature on the effects of the manipulation of plant diversity and habitats on the control of pests by arthropod and bird communities in apple, pear and peach orchards. Many investigations focus on the role of plant management to enhance biodiversity in orchards but only 22 research reports presenting 30 case studies were dedicated to the study of the ecosystem service provided by plant diversity for orchard pest control. The underlying mechanisms were seldom demonstrated, and the tested grass covers and tree assemblages aimed at favouring either the beneficial complex or only some beneficial species to control one or a few pests. The effect of plant management on pest control was mostly positive (16 cases) or null (9), but also negative in some cases (5). This finding reveals the difficulties of identifying selected plants or plant assemblages for the control of key pests. We conclude that further research is needed to identify the processes involved on different scales for biological control. Orchard systems should be redesigned to optimise ecosystem services provided by biodiversity.

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Discrimination between agricultural management and the hedge effect in pear orchards (south‐eastern France)

Abstract: International audienceno abstrac

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

Landscape effects on the complex of Bactrocera oleae parasitoids and implications for conservation biological control

Landscape effects on the complex of Bactrocera oleae parasitoids and implications for conservation biological control

The Number and Abundance of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Apocrita) Subfamilies Occurring in Apple Orchards and on Their Edges

Biodiversity and pest management in orchard systems. A review

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