Discrimination and Determination of Extractive Content of Ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) from Celebes Island by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract

Ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) is an endemic plant on Celebes (Sulawesi) island. Extractive compounds within ebony wood cause it to have durability, strength, and beautiful patterns. In this study, we used near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to discriminate between ebony wood samples, based on their origins at different growth sites on Celebes island, and to develop quantitative models to predict the extractive content of ebony wood. A total of 45 wood meal samples from 11 sites located in West, Central, and South Celebes were collected in this study. NIR spectral data were acquired from hot water and ethanol–benzene soluble extracts from ebony wood in this study. The extractive content of the ebony was 10.408% and 10.774% based on hot water solubility and treatment with ethanol–benzene solvent, respectively. Multivariate analysis based on principal component analysis–discriminant analysis revealed that ebony wood from West Celebes differed from most of the wood from South Celebes; however, it was only slightly different from ebony wood from Central Celebes based on NIR spectra data. These findings were in line with the extractive contents obtained. Partial least square regression models based on wood meal spectra could potentially be used to estimate the hot water and ethanol–benzene extractive contents from ebony wood.

Influence of Climate Variables on the Leaf Morphology of Ebony (Diospyros celebica) and Their Classification Using the Random Forest Algorithm

“…Since our study was based on population levels across natural distribution, the influence of sites was also expected to be significant that may be expressed in the clustering of populations. This clustering of populations could be explained based the results of Karlinasari et al (2020) in which ebony wood from West Celebes differed from most of the wood from South Celebes, however, it was only slightly different from ebony wood from Central Celebes based on NIR spectra data. Our analysis based on leaf morphology was in line with NIR spectra data that there were several leaf traits could be used to differentiate the origin such as feature roundness, width, aspect ratio, area, and circularity.…”

“…Districts in Central Sulawesi; Donggala, Parigi Moutong, Poso, and Morowali. Districts in West Sulawesi; Mamuju) as shown in Figure 1 (Karlinasari et al 2020). Leaf sampling method was conducted randomly on each tree by taking 5 to 7 leaves from each tree.…”

Non-invasive prediction of maca powder adulteration using a pocket-sized spectrophotometer and machine learning techniques

“…The lower the RMSE, the better the model because it indicates the stability of the training and cross-validation model. Higher RMSEs indicate that many errors occurred during data processing and hence the formation of a bad model 33 . RDP represents the ratio of deviation of performance of the model.…”

Collecting wood core samples from Macassar ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) for multi-purpose analysis using pickering punch

“…Wood core samples may be used for several analyses, such as genetics andgenomics [4] , anatomy, near infra-red (NIRs) [5] , isotopes, and chemicals. The average length of the wood core from the 323 samples was 8 cm with a diameter of 2 cm, from which 1 cm of the wood core is allocated for DNA analysis, another 1 cm is used for anatomy analysis, while the remaining 6 cm is used for NIRs and chemical analysis Fig.…”

“…In total, 45 compositesamples were used in this study. Grind the wood core to obtain 900–1500 mg of wood powder in 40–60 mesh size [5] . Process the samples in the NIR Instrument.…”