Discrimination and Demand: The Effect of International Players on Attendance in Major League Baseball

Tainsky, Scott; Winfree, Jason A.

doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00684.x

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…This body of literature has produced interesting (and mixed) results (cf. Broyles and Keen ; Depken II and Ford ; Foley and Smith, ; Kanazaw and Funk ; Tainsky and Winfree ) but has little practical implications beyond the niche sports market. Moreover, with few exceptions (e.g., minority athletes’ salaries), consumer discrimination in the sports market does not have a direct adverse effect on the providers of service, or in this case entertainment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black–White Earnings Gap among Restaurant Servers: A Replication, Extension, and Exploration of Consumer Racial Discrimination in Tipping

Brewster

Lynn

2014

Sociological Inquiry

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There is a rich history of social science research centering on racial inequalities that continue to be observed across various markets (e.g., labor, housing, and credit markets) and social milieus. Existing research on racial discrimination in consumer markets is, however, relatively scarce and that which has been done has disproportionately focused on consumers as the victims of race-based mistreatment. As such, we know relatively little about how consumers contribute to inequalities in their roles as perpetrators of racial discrimination. In response, in this article, we elaborate on a line of research that is only in its infancy stages of development and yet is ripe with opportunities to advance the literature on consumer racial discrimination and racial earnings inequities among tipdependent employees in the United States. Specifically, we analyze data derived from an exit survey of restaurant consumers (N = 394) in an attempt to replicate, extend, and further explore the recently documented effect of service providers' race on restaurant consumers' tipping decisions. Our results indicate that both white and black restaurant customers discriminate against black servers by tipping them less than their white co-workers. Importantly, we find no evidence that this black tip penalty is the result of inter-racial differences in service skills possessed by black and white servers. We conclude by delineating directions for future research in this neglected but salient area of study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black–White Earnings Gap among Restaurant Servers: A Replication, Extension, and Exploration of Consumer Racial Discrimination in Tipping

Brewster

Lynn

2014

Sociological Inquiry

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“…Previous research on attendance has examined atten dance at the game level (e.g., Bruggink & Eaton, 1996;Coates & Humphreys, 2010;McDonald & Rascher, 2000;Tainsky & Winfree, 2010b), league level (e.g., Schmidt & Berri 2002;, and team level (e.g., Coates & Har rison, 2005;Demmert, 1973;Noll, 1974;Soebbing, 2008;Tainsky & Winfree, 2010a). The unit of observation for the present research is a team-season, and the dependent variable is average regular season attendance (AvgAttend) for a team in the observed season.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Effect of Price Dispersion on Major League Baseball Team Attendance

Soebbing¹,

Watanabe

2014

Journal of Sport Management

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Price dispersion reflects ignorance in the marketplace in which different prices exist from the same or different sellers for a similar good. One of the sources of price dispersion is uncertain demand for a business's good or service. Ticket markets are good opportunities to examine a firm's pricing strategy under demand uncertainty, because professional sports teams have to price their tickets well in advance of the actual event and before actual demand is known. The purpose of the present research is to examine the relationship between price dispersion and regular season average attendance in Major League Baseball. Using a two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) model, the present research finds that an increase in price dispersion leads to a decrease in average attendance.

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“…Finally, like many professional leagues (Tainsky and Winfree 2010), the CTTSL has adopted a policy governing the distinction between domestic and foreign athletes. The league has featured players from Germany, South Korea, and Japan who upon signing were designated as foreign players.…”

Section: Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive balance and the participation–spectatorship gap in Chinese table tennis

Tainsky

Yang

2016

Applied Economics

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Discrimination and Demand: The Effect of International Players on Attendance in Major League Baseball

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Black–White Earnings Gap among Restaurant Servers: A Replication, Extension, and Exploration of Consumer Racial Discrimination in Tipping

Black–White Earnings Gap among Restaurant Servers: A Replication, Extension, and Exploration of Consumer Racial Discrimination in Tipping

The Effect of Price Dispersion on Major League Baseball Team Attendance

Competitive balance and the participation–spectatorship gap in Chinese table tennis

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