Discrimination Among the B. Cereus Group, in Comparison to B. Subtilis, by Structural Carbohydrate Profiles and Ribosomal RNA Spacer Region PCR

Wunschel, David S.; Fox, Kevin M.; Black, Gavin E.; Fox, Alvin

doi:10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80085-8

Cited by 84 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Spore surface filaments are present and are possibly glycoprotein in nature, although this conclusion is drawn with caution, as ruthenium red staining is not totally glycoprotein specific. Spore surface-specific carbohydrates exist in B. subtilis (49). These carbohydrates display structural similarity to those of the B. cereus family spores (49,50).…”

Section: The Spore Crust Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Exosporium Layer of Bacterial Spores: a Connection to the Environment and the Infected Host

Stewart

2015

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

138

155

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SUMMARYMuch of what we know regarding bacterial spore structure and function has been learned from studies of the genetically well-characterized bacteriumBacillus subtilis. Molecular aspects of spore structure, assembly, and function are well defined. However, certain bacteria produce spores with an outer spore layer, the exosporium, which is not present onB. subtilisspores. Our understanding of the composition and biological functions of the exosporium layer is much more limited than that of other aspects of the spore. Because the bacterial spore surface is important for the spore's interactions with the environment, as well as being the site of interaction of the spore with the host's innate immune system in the case of spore-forming bacterial pathogens, the exosporium is worthy of continued investigation. Recent exosporium studies have focused largely on members of theBacillus cereusfamily, principallyBacillus anthracisandBacillus cereus. Our understanding of the composition of the exosporium, the pathway of its assembly, and its role in spore biology is now coming into sharper focus. This review expands on a 2007 review of spore surface layers which provided an excellent conceptual framework of exosporium structure and function (A. O. Henriques and C. P. Moran, Jr., Annu Rev Microbiol61:555–588, 2007,http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093224). That review began a process of considering outer spore layers as an integrated, multilayered structure rather than simply regarding the outer spore components as independent parts.

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Section: The Spore Crust Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spore surface-specific carbohydrates exist in B. subtilis (49). These carbohydrates display structural similarity to those of the B. cereus family spores (49,50). Production and/or attachment of polysaccharides to the B. subtilis spore surface was shown to be spsM dependent (51).…”

Section: The Spore Crust Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exosporium Layer of Bacterial Spores: a Connection to the Environment and the Infected Host

Stewart

2015

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

138

155

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“…This trend which is opposite to the vegetative surface studied above is intriguing. Previous studies of spore carbohydrate compositions on different strains have shown that GlcNAc , Glu/Man for most strains although some variations can be observed from the vegetative cell to spore form [12,47]. Compared with the vegetative cells, the change of carbohydrate compositions in spores may be due to the lectin probe primarily interacting with the surface of the exosporium, known to envelop spores of B. cereus.…”

Section: Spatial Recognition Of Surface Carbohydrates On Sporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single cell profiling of surface carbohydrates on Bacillus cereus

Wang

Ehrhardt

Yadavalli

2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Cell surface carbohydrates are important to various bacterial activities and functions. It is well known that different types of Bacillus display heterogeneity of surface carbohydrate compositions, but detection of their presence, quantitation and estimation of variation at the single cell level have not been previously solved. Here, using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based recognition force mapping coupled with lectin probes, the specific carbohydrate distributions of N-acetylglucosamine and mannose/glucose were detected, mapped and quantified on single B. cereus surfaces at the nanoscale across the entire cell. Further, the changes of the surface carbohydrate compositions from the vegetative cell to spore were shown. These results demonstrate AFM-based 'recognition force mapping' as a versatile platform to quantitatively detect and spatially map key bacterial surface biomarkers (such as carbohydrate compositions), and monitor in situ changes in surface biochemical properties during intracellular activities at the single cell level.

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“…Once this was established, then the second goal was to determine whether spore-specific sugars (rhamnose, 3-O-methyl rhamnose, and galactosamine) (8,38) are components of this glycoprotein. Others have determined the carbohydrate composition of BclA, the first glycoprotein discovered in B. anthracis (4), but a second collagen-like glycoprotein has not previously been identified in this organism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spores of B. anthracis (8) and related bacilli (38) contain carbohydrate monomers that are absent in vegetative cells. Spores and isolated exosporium contain two rhamnose oligosaccharides, penta-and trisaccharides, respectively (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of a Second Collagen-Like Glycoprotein Produced by Bacillus anthracis and Demonstration of Associated Spore-Specific Sugars

et al. 2005

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Certain carbohydrates (rhamnose, 3-O-methyl rhamnose, and galactosamine) have been demonstrated to be present in Bacillus anthracis spores but absent in vegetative cells. Others have demonstrated that these sporespecific sugars are constituents of the glycoprotein BclA. In the current work, spore extracts were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A second collagen-like glycoprotein, BclB, was identified in B. anthracis. The protein moiety of this glycoprotein was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and the carbohydrate components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Spore-specific sugars were also demonstrated to be components of BclB.

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Discrimination Among the B. Cereus Group, in Comparison to B. Subtilis, by Structural Carbohydrate Profiles and Ribosomal RNA Spacer Region PCR

Cited by 84 publications

References 27 publications

The Exosporium Layer of Bacterial Spores: a Connection to the Environment and the Infected Host

The Exosporium Layer of Bacterial Spores: a Connection to the Environment and the Infected Host

Single cell profiling of surface carbohydrates on Bacillus cereus

Identification of a Second Collagen-Like Glycoprotein Produced by Bacillus anthracis and Demonstration of Associated Spore-Specific Sugars

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