Discriminating wild vs domestic cereal harvesting micropolish through laser confocal microscopy

A palaeoeconomic perspective on the Early Neolithic lithic assemblages of the N–NE of the Iberian Peninsula

“…To this purpose, one can use Correspondence analysis (CA) in order to explore the relations between individuals and variables; after, a hierarchical clustering on the CA factor scores (HCCA) can be run to determine if there are different profiles of settlements according to the economic activities carried out. Both analyses can be performed thanks to the FactoMineR package for R software (Lê et al, 2008;Husson et al, 2013). Before running the statistics, data has been normalized by log-transformation (Table 2), as most of the analysed variables are positively skewed.…”

“…FactoMineR package (Husson et al, 2013) suggests an optimal level for clustering partition, based on the between-group inertia increasing. The clustering method adopted is the Ward's criterion.…”

Use-Wear and Residue Analysis in Archaeology

“…Currently, most researchers use both types of equipment together since both approaches complement the available data. Nevertheless, there is a small number of researchers using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Martinez 2005) or, more recently, laser confocal microscopy (Ibáñez et al 2014). Although the degree of details that can be observed on wear traces with SEM microscopes has increased considerably, it has not yet been proven that this technology presents a more accurate diagnostic of the worked material or even a more precise approach to activity evidences.…”

Composite Sickles and Cereal Harvesting Methods at 23,000-Years-Old Ohalo II, Israel

“…The study of cereal gloss was also a platform to investigate wear formation processes [18–22], and recently cereal gloss on flints was analyzed by the application of laser confocal microscopy [23,24]. …”