Discriminating hydrothermal fluid sources using tourmaline boron isotopes: Example from Bailingshan Fe deposit in the Eastern Tianshan, NW China

Zhang, Weifeng; Chen, Hong‐Yuan; Peng, Lianhong; Zhao, Lilin; Huang, Jianhan; Lu, Wanjian; Liang, Pei; Lai, Chun‐Kit

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.05.015

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In Figure 12, it is shown that the ore-forming temperatures of the Xianglushan Stage II Fe-(Cu) and Stage III Cu mineralization resemble those of the Lala Fe mineralization and the Manto Verde Cu mineralization, respectively. These similarities with typical IOCG deposits, the commonly low Cu-grade and lack of Au, and the submarine volcanic-hosted nature of Xianglushan mimic many IOCG-like mineral systems in the Chinese Eastern Tianshan [40][41][42], and therefore we suggest that the Xianglushan deposits are also best classified as submarine volcanic-hosted and IOCG-like. [43], Chen et al [44], and Willams et al [45] (references contained therein).…”

Section: Ore Deposit Type and Genesismentioning

confidence: 58%

Geology and Genesis of Xianglushan Fe-Cu Orefield in Sichuan (SW China): Evidence from C-O-S-Pb Isotopes

Wang

Lai

2019

Minerals

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The Proterozoic Xianglushan Fe-Cu orefield (western Sichuan) is located in the Huili–Dongchuan ore belt on the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block in SW China. The orefield has experienced complex magmatotectonic activities, and hosts a wide variety of Fe oxide-(Cu-Au) deposits. At Xianglushan, the orebodies are made of stratabound magnetite–hematite orebodies superimposed by vein-type chalcopyrite mineralization. The stratabound Fe orebodies are hosted mainly in the Proterozoic volcanic-sedimentary rocks of the lower Yinmin Formation, whilst the Cu vein or stockwork ores were mainly emplaced into the upper part of the footwall volcanic rocks and the lower part of the Fe orebodies. We divided the alteration/mineralization and their fluid inclusions (FIs) into the (I) sodic-calcic alteration, (II) potassic-silicic-sericite alteration and Fe-(Cu) mineralization, and (III) carbonate alteration and Cu mineralization stages. Stage II FIs are mainly two-phase (vapor-liquid), and are featured by medium temperature (348 to 379 °C) and high salinity (21.8 to 22.9 wt % NaCl eqv). Their generally negative calcite δ13C (−4.1‰ to −3.1‰) and δ18OH2O (12.2‰ to 15.3‰) values reveal that the Stage II ore fluids have had a seawater-magmatic fluid mixed source. Late Stage II pyrite has δ34S (−3.3‰ to 13.7‰), 206Pb/204Pb (17.663 to 18.982), 207Pb/204Pb (15.498 to 15.824) and 208Pb/204Pb (37.784 to 38.985), suggesting that the ore-forming materials were derived from dominantly upper crustal source. Stage III FIs are also mainly two-phase (vapor-liquid), and are featured by lower temperature (206 to 267 °C) and salinity (19.0 to 22.5 wt % NaCl eqv) than their Stage II counterparts. The Stage III ore fluids were also likely derived from a meteoric–magmatic mixed source with greater magmatic influence, as indicated by the generally negative calcite δ13C (−6.9‰ to −4.6‰) and δ18OH2O (6.3‰ to 9.2‰) values. Similar to the late Stage II pyrite, the Stage III chalcopyrite δ34S (−4.6‰ to 5.2‰) and Pb isotopes (206Pb/204Pb = 18.198 to 18.987; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.534 to 15.876; and 208Pb/204Pb = 37.685 to 39.476) also suggest a crustal ore-forming material source. Therefore, we suggest that the Fe-(Cu) and Cu mineralization at Xianglushan had similar ore fluid and material sources, although the magmatic influence increased in the later stage. This resembles many Fe-(Cu) deposits in the Huili–Dongchuan ore belt. We conclude that the Xianglushan Fe-Cu deposits are both similar to and different from typical iron-oxide copper gold (IOCG) deposits in terms of alteration styles and hydrothermal mineral assemblages, and are thus best classified as IOCG-like deposits hosted in submarine volcanic-sedimentary rocks. Considering the Mesoproterozoic regional tectonics in the southwestern Yangtze Block, we propose that the Xianglushan ore formation occurred in an intra-/back-arc inversion setting, possibly related to the closure of the Anning ocean basin.

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Section: Ore Deposit Type and Genesismentioning

confidence: 58%

Geology and Genesis of Xianglushan Fe-Cu Orefield in Sichuan (SW China): Evidence from C-O-S-Pb Isotopes

Wang

Lai

2019

Minerals

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“…The measurement procedures followed those outlined by Zhang et al . (2018b). Forty spot measurements were undertaken on each ARM glass.…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic Compositions (Li‐B‐Si‐O‐Mg‐Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb) and Fe²⁺/ΣFe Ratios of Three Synthetic Andesite Glass Reference Materials (ARM‐1, ARM‐2, ARM‐3)

Yang

Jochum

et al. 2021

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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To expand the newly developed ARM glasses as reference materials for in situ microanalysis of isotope ratios and iron oxidation state by a variety of techniques such as SIMS, LA-MC-ICP-MS and EPMA, we report Li-B-Si-O-Mg-Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotope data and Fe 2+ /ΣFe ratios for these glasses. The data were mainly obtained by TIMS, MC-ICP-MS, IR-MS and wetchemistry colorimetric techniques. The quality of these data was cross-checked by comparing different techniques or by comparing the results from different laboratories using the same technique. All three glasses appear to be homogeneous with respect to the investigated isotope ratios (except for B in ARM-3) and Fe 2+ /ΣFe ratios at the scale of sampling volume and level of the analytical precision of each technique. The homogeneity of Li-B-O-Nd-Pb isotope ratios at the microscale (30-120 μm) was estimated using LA-MC-ICP-MS and SIMS techniques. We also present new EPMA major element data obtained using three different instruments for the glasses. The determination of reference values for the major elements and their uncertainties at the 95% confidence level closely followed ISO guidelines and the Certification Protocol of the International Association of Geoanalysts. The ARM glasses may be particularly useful as reference materials for in situ isotope ratio analysis.

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“…The Aqishan–Yamansu Belt, restricted by the Yamansu and Aqikekuduke–Shaquanzi faults and located to the north of the Central Tianshan Massif, is mainly composed of Carboniferous volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, together with many Carboniferous–Permian granitoids (Jiang et al, 2017; L. Zhao, Chen, Hollings, & Han, 2019a, 2019b; T. F. Zhou et al, 2010). This belt is also well‐known for hosting many Fe (–Cu) deposits, e.g., the Yamamsu, Bailingshan, Chilongfeng Fe deposits (W. Zhang et al, 2018), and the Heijianshan, Duotoushan, and Shaquanzi Fe–Cu deposits (F. Liu, Chai, Li, & Yang, 2019).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochronology and geochemistry of a newly identified Permian hornblende gabbro suite in Aqishan–Yamansu Belt, eastern Tianshan, NW China: Implications on petrogenesis and tectonic setting

et al. 2021

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Permian mafic‐ultramafic intrusions have great significance for understanding the geodynamic evolution of the Late Palaeozoic eastern Tianshan Orogen due to containing important information on the nature of mantle sources, crust–mantle interaction, and magmatic differentiation. Increasingly, more Permian mafic‐ultramafic intrusions are discovered in the Jueluotage belt, especially in the Kangguer ductile shear zone, whereas the mafic‐ultramafic intrusions in the Aqishan–Yamansu belt are ill‐informed. In this study, we provide zircon U–Pb geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic data of a newly identified hornblende gabbro suite at the Shaquanzi Fe–Cu deposit in the Aqishan–Yamansu Belt. Zircon U–Pb dating results indicate that the Shaquanzi hornblende gabbro was emplaced at Early Permian (ca. 274–265 Ma). The rocks are calc‐alkaline and have arc‐like geochemical features, including enrichments in large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs: Rb, Ba, K, Pb and Sr) and light rare‐earth elements (LREEs: Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti), and depletions in high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs) with markedly negative Nb and Ta anomalies. The rocks also exhibit depleted‐mantle isotopic signatures, with positive bulk‐rock εNd(t) values of +3.34 to +4.44 and positive zircon εHf(t) values of +2.8 − +8.7, which are relatively more enriched than those of coeval mafic‐ultramafic intrusions from the Kangguer ductile shear zone, but similar to those in the Central Tianshan Massif. We suggest that the Shaquanzi mafic intrusion suite was generated by 10–30% partial melting of a depleted‐mantle source at over 85 km depth, corresponding to the garnet to garnet‐spinel stability field. And the mantle source had likely been metasomatized by slab‐derived fluids of previous subduction. Integrating with geochemical data of the coeval mafic‐ultramafic and felsic intrusive rocks in the adjacent tectonic belts of eastern Tianshan Orogen, we speculate that the Shaquanzi mafic intrusion was formed in a post‐collision extensional setting, probably triggered by slab breakoff. Metasomatism of the depleted lithospheric mantle had likely occurred during the pre‐Permian subduction of the Kangguer oceanic slab.

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Discriminating hydrothermal fluid sources using tourmaline boron isotopes: Example from Bailingshan Fe deposit in the Eastern Tianshan, NW China

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Geology and Genesis of Xianglushan Fe-Cu Orefield in Sichuan (SW China): Evidence from C-O-S-Pb Isotopes

Geology and Genesis of Xianglushan Fe-Cu Orefield in Sichuan (SW China): Evidence from C-O-S-Pb Isotopes

Isotopic Compositions (Li‐B‐Si‐O‐Mg‐Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb) and Fe²⁺/ΣFe Ratios of Three Synthetic Andesite Glass Reference Materials (ARM‐1, ARM‐2, ARM‐3)

Geochronology and geochemistry of a newly identified Permian hornblende gabbro suite in Aqishan–Yamansu Belt, eastern Tianshan, NW China: Implications on petrogenesis and tectonic setting

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Discriminating hydrothermal fluid sources using tourmaline boron isotopes: Example from Bailingshan Fe deposit in the Eastern Tianshan, NW China

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Geology and Genesis of Xianglushan Fe-Cu Orefield in Sichuan (SW China): Evidence from C-O-S-Pb Isotopes

Geology and Genesis of Xianglushan Fe-Cu Orefield in Sichuan (SW China): Evidence from C-O-S-Pb Isotopes

Isotopic Compositions (Li‐B‐Si‐O‐Mg‐Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb) and Fe2+/ΣFe Ratios of Three Synthetic Andesite Glass Reference Materials (ARM‐1, ARM‐2, ARM‐3)

Geochronology and geochemistry of a newly identified Permian hornblende gabbro suite in Aqishan–Yamansu Belt, eastern Tianshan, NW China: Implications on petrogenesis and tectonic setting

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Isotopic Compositions (Li‐B‐Si‐O‐Mg‐Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb) and Fe²⁺/ΣFe Ratios of Three Synthetic Andesite Glass Reference Materials (ARM‐1, ARM‐2, ARM‐3)