Discriminating DNA mismatches by electrochemical and gravimetric techniques

Acoustic Biosensors and Microfluidic Devices in the Decennium: Principles and Applications

“…The bioreceptors used are biologically active materials, such as antibodies, oligonucleotides, or enzymes, that have a high selectivity to the analyte being detected [42,45]. They detect the target analytes and induce a change in the mass of the layer, which is detected by the acoustic wave, making the acoustic biosensors function as a gravimetric sensor [46,47]. Variation in the viscosity and viscoelastic properties of the adsorbed layer and the medium in contact with the acoustic waves can also be detected, which helps in the analysis of blood coagulation studies, cell adhesion, and complex biomolecules, such as nucleic acids [48][49][50][51].…”

“…Real-time monitoring showed that the phase shift increased with an increase in the concentration of the MCF-7 cell, as shown in Figure 32c. (iii) DNA Biosensors SAW DNA biosensors have been used in the detection of gene sequences, single nucleotide polymorphism, and pathogenic microorganisms [47,303,304]. The detection is by the hybridization of the probe DNA immobilized on the SAW biosensor, with the complementary target sequence that results in either mass loading or change in the viscoelastic properties of the adsorbed layer, due to the complex nature of the DNA molecules.…”

“…Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), where the gene sequence variation in DNA occurs when a single nucleotide is altered, plays an important role in determining the individual's reaction to drugs and susceptibility to certain diseases [306]. SAW biosensors have been reported for the detection of base mismatches as well as SNP, due to the high sensitivity of the device [47,307,308]. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a drug metabolism enzyme gene CYP2D6*10, in clinical samples, was detected by using a commercially available SAW biosensor sam5 [307].…”

Endonuclease IV recognizes single base mismatch on the eighth base 3′ to the abasic site in DNA strands for ultra-selective and sensitive mutant-type DNA detection

“…We term the mismatches that lead to small thermodynamic difference as "stable single-mismatch", and these yield small discrimination factors. 26,27 Stable mismatches are reported to be more difficult to detect; thus, we chose unstable mismatch: for base G, we studied G:A mismatch and for base C, A, and T, we selected C:C, A:C, and T:C mismatches, respectively.…”

Sensitive discrimination of stable mismatched base pairs by an abasic site modified fluorescent probe and lambda exonuclease

“…However, the DFs for the stable mismatched base pairs such as T:G and A:G are often very low 17,18 . T:G mismatch (known as a "wobble pair") can only slightly destabilizes the DNA duplex, thus poor discrimination levels have been observed in both hybridization 19,20 and enzyme-involved approaches 21,22 , with the DFs less than 20 even by enhanced methods 23,24 . Herein, we report a new method for effective discrimination of stable mismatched base pairs based on a novel abasic site modified fluorescent probe (Fig.…”